Distribution of dissolved organic matter in estuaries of the southern Iberian Atlantic Basin: Sources, behavior and export to the coastal zone

• Published in: Marine Chemistry
• Main Authors: Amaral, Valentina, Romera-Castillo, Cristina, García-Delgado, M., Gómez-Parra, R., Forja, Jesús M.
• Other Authors: Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (Uruguay), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2020
• Subjects: Dissolved organic matter; EEMs-PARAFAC; Pyrolisis-GC-MS; Carbon flux and tides; Cierva; Uruguay; Valentina; North Atlantic
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/222505; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103857

Special issue Contemporary monitoring and assessment approaches to estuarine and coastal biogeochemistry.-- 15 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103857 The Gulf of Cádiz, located in the Southern Iberian Atlantic Basin, connects the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea and receives freshwater input from three main estuaries: Guadalquivir, Guadiana, and Tinto-Odiel. These estuaries differ in their hydrology, basin characteristic, and land use. One of them, Tinto-Odiel, is one of the most polluted estuaries in the world. However, little is known about the export of DOM from these estuaries to the Gulf of Cádiz. In this work, the estuaries were sampled during the dry season. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was chemically characterized along a longitudinal gradient to better understand the reactivity and fate of carbon exported to the Gulf of Cádiz. We also performed a tidal study at the mouth of each estuary to understand how the tide affects the composition of DOM and its export to the coastal zone. Fluorescent DOM (FDOM) modeling employing multivariate parallel factor analysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis (Py-GC–MS) were used to characterize DOM. DOM from Guadalquivir and Guadiana estuaries presented a predominant allochthonous origin with humic-like compounds making up to ~80% of the total fluorescent DOM. These estuaries receive lateral inputs from surrounding watersheds and agricultural practices. Instead, in Tinto-Odiel estuary, DOM was predominantly autochthonous with a higher content of protein-like material associated with the prevalence of the marine influence over the low water discharges and anthropogenic pollution from industrial activities. Tidal cycles affected the distribution of DOM and its quality with higher humic-like material during low tide and protein-like substances predominating during high tide. During the dry season, the three estuaries represented a source of DOM to the Gulf of Cádiz. Guadalquivir was the main contributor with 1.25 Kg C s−1 and 0.22 × 103 m2 s−1, for DOC and CDOM, respectively. Around 70% of the FDOM exported from the three estuaries was of humic nature. The results obtained in this work highlight the importance of local conditions, such as the basin characteristic and estuarine biogeochemical reactivity in the composition of the DOM exported to the coastal ocean. Moreover, Py-GC–MS analysis was a useful technique, complementary to fluorescence spectroscopy, which improves DOM characterization in estuarine systems Valentina Amaral was financed by the National Research and Innovation Agency of Uruguay (ANII) with a Ph.D. fellowship (POS_EXT_2015_1_122780). Cristina Romera-Castillo was funded by a Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Spanish “Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad”. [.] This study was financed by the Spanish CICYT (Spanish Program for Science and Technology) under contracts CTM2014-59244-C3-1-R and RTI2018-100865-B-C21 Peer reviewed