Marine DNA Viral Macro- and Microdiversity from Pole to Pole

• Published in: Cell
• Main Authors: Gregory, Ann C., Zayed, Ahmed A., Conceição-Neto, Nadia, Temperton, Ben, Alberti, Adriana, Ardyna, Mathieu, Arkhipova, Ksenia, Carmichael, Margaux, Cruaud, Corinne, Dimier, Céline, Domínguez-Huerta, Guillermo, Ferland, Joannie, Kandels‐Lewis, Stefanie, Liu, Yunxiao, Marec, Claudie, Pesant, Stéphane, Picheral, Marc, Pisarev, Sergey, Poulain, Julie, Tremblay, J. E., Vik, Dean, Acinas, Silvia G., Babin, Marcel, Bork, Peer, Boss, Emmanuel, Bowler, Chris, Cochrane, Guy, Vargas, Colomban de, Follows, M.J., Gorsky, Gabriel, Grimsley, Nigel, Guidi, Lionel, Hingamp, Pascal, Iudicone, Daniele, Jaillon, Olivier, Karp-Boss, Lee, Karsenti, Eric, Not, Fabrice, Ogata, Hiroyuki, Poulton, N.J., Raes, Jeroen, Sardet, Christian, Speich, Sabrina, Stemmann, Lars, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Wincker, Patrick, Culley, Alexander I., Dutilh, Bas E., Roux, Simon, Sullivan, Matthew B.
• Other Authors: Région Bretagne, Veolia Foundation, Fondation Prince Albert II de Monaco, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Elsevier 2019
• Subjects: Arctic; Arctic Ocean
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/182050; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.040; https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011697; https://doi.org/10.13039/501100004794; https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011560

15 pages, 15 figures, 1 tables, supporting information https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.040 Microbes drive most ecosystems and are modulated by viruses that impact their lifespan, gene flow, and metabolic outputs. However, ecosystem-level impacts of viral community diversity remain difficult to assess due to classification issues and few reference genomes. Here, we establish an ∼12-fold expanded global ocean DNA virome dataset of 195,728 viral populations, now including the Arctic Ocean, and validate that these populations form discrete genotypic clusters. Meta-community analyses revealed five ecological zones throughout the global ocean, including two distinct Arctic regions. Across the zones, local and global patterns and drivers in viral community diversity were established for both macrodiversity (inter-population diversity) and microdiversity (intra-population genetic variation). These patterns sometimes, but not always, paralleled those from macro-organisms and revealed temperate and tropical surface waters and the Arctic as biodiversity hotspots and mechanistic hypotheses to explain them. Such further understanding of ocean viruses is critical for broader inclusion in ecosystem models Tara Oceans (that includes both the Tara Oceans and Tara Oceans Polar Circle expeditions) would not exist without the leadership of the Tara Expeditions Foundation and the continuous support of 23 institutes (https://oceans.taraexpeditions.org). We further thank the commitment of the following sponsors: CNRS (in particular Groupement de Recherche GDR3280 and the Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans-GOSEE), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genoscope/CEA, The French Ministry of Research, and the French Government “Investissements d’Avenir” programmes OCEANOMICS (ANR-11-BTBR-0008), FRANCE GENOMIQUE (ANR-10-INBS-09-08), MEMO LIFE (ANR-10-LABX-54), and PSL∗ Research University (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02). We also thank the support and commitment of ...