Enhancing SMOS brightness temperatures over the ocean using the nodal sampling image reconstruction technique

• Published in: Remote Sensing of Environment
• Main Authors: González Gambau, Verónica, Olmedo, Estrella, Turiel, Antonio, Martínez, Justino, Ballabrera-Poy, Joaquim, Portabella, Marcos, Piles, María
• Other Authors: Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: unknown
• Published: Elsevier 2016
• Subjects: Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity; SMOS; Interferometry; Radiometry; Image reconstruction; Nodal sampling; Nodal points; Sidelobes; Radio frequency interferences; Salinity retrievals; RFI; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://hdl.handle.net/10261/135167; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.12.032; https://doi.org/10.13039/501100003329; https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000780

Special issue ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Mission - Achievements and Applications.-- 16 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables Abrupt changes in the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) brightness temperatures, such as those produced by land/sea/ice transitions and Radio-Frequency Interference (RFI) sources, produce artificial rippling patterns (i.e. the so-called Gibbs-like contamination) that propagate through the SMOS-reconstructed image. A nodal sampling technique, focused on the reduction of this kind of contamination by sampling at the points where the perturbation cancels, was introduced by González-Gambau et al. (2015). In this work we show that the quality of nodal sampling can be largely improved by refining the determination of the nodal grid. In addition, we have carried out an extensive validation of the resulting data over the ocean. Nodal sampling reduces sidelobe levels and ripples in the reconstructed images leading to brightness temperatures in better agreement with the theoretically modeled ones. Validation of the salinity retrievals against close-to-surface Argo salinity observations shows that nodal sampling leads to improved salinity retrievals in open ocean, while close to the coast land–sea contamination seems to deteriorate the quality. Besides, spectral analysis shows that nodal sampled salinities become closer to what is geophysically expected without loss of effective spatial resolution This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy through the National R + D Plan by means of MIDAS-7 project AYA2012-39356-C05-03 and previous grants. The validation part of this work has been done with the support of the FP7-SPACE E-AIMS project (grant agreement 312642) Peer Reviewed