A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice
© Author(s) 2015. Ground- and satellite-based measurements have reported high concentrations of iodine monoxide (IO) in coastal Antarctica. The sources of such a large iodine burden in the coastal Antarctic atmosphere remain unknown. We propose a mechanism for iodine release from sea ice based on th...
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ftcsic:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/130532 2024-02-11T09:55:50+01:00 A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice Saiz-Lopez, A. Blaszczak-Boxe, C.S. Carpenter, L.J. 2015 http://hdl.handle.net/10261/130532 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 unknown European Geophysical Society doi:10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 issn: 1680-7324 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15: 9731- 9746 (2015) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/130532 open artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 2015 ftcsic https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 2024-01-16T10:14:31Z © Author(s) 2015. Ground- and satellite-based measurements have reported high concentrations of iodine monoxide (IO) in coastal Antarctica. The sources of such a large iodine burden in the coastal Antarctic atmosphere remain unknown. We propose a mechanism for iodine release from sea ice based on the premise that micro-algae are the primary source of iodine emissions in this environment. The emissions are triggered by the biological production of iodide (I - ) and hypoiodous acid (HOI) from micro-algae (contained within and underneath sea ice) and their diffusion through sea-ice brine channels, ultimately accumulating in a thin brine layer (BL) on the surface of sea ice. Prior to reaching the BL, the diffusion timescale of iodine within sea ice is depth-dependent. The BL is also a vital component of the proposed mechanism as it enhances the chemical kinetics of iodine-related reactions, which allows for the efficient release of iodine to the polar boundary layer. We suggest that iodine is released to the atmosphere via three possible pathways: (1) emitted from the BL and then transported throughout snow atop sea ice, from where it is released to the atmosphere; (2) released directly from the BL to the atmosphere in regions of sea ice that are not covered with snowpack; or (3) emitted to the atmosphere directly through fractures in the sea-ice pack. To investigate the proposed biology-ice-atmosphere coupling at coastal Antarctica we use a multiphase model that incorporates the transport of iodine species, via diffusion, at variable depths, within brine channels of sea ice. Model simulations were conducted to interpret observations of elevated springtime IO in the coastal Antarctic, around the Weddell Sea. While a lack of experimental and observational data adds uncertainty to the model predictions, the results nevertheless show that the levels of inorganic iodine (i.e. I 2 , IBr, ICl) released from sea ice through this mechanism could account for the observed IO concentrations during this timeframe. The model ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice pack Sea ice Weddell Sea Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15 17 9731 9746 |
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Digital.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) |
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© Author(s) 2015. Ground- and satellite-based measurements have reported high concentrations of iodine monoxide (IO) in coastal Antarctica. The sources of such a large iodine burden in the coastal Antarctic atmosphere remain unknown. We propose a mechanism for iodine release from sea ice based on the premise that micro-algae are the primary source of iodine emissions in this environment. The emissions are triggered by the biological production of iodide (I - ) and hypoiodous acid (HOI) from micro-algae (contained within and underneath sea ice) and their diffusion through sea-ice brine channels, ultimately accumulating in a thin brine layer (BL) on the surface of sea ice. Prior to reaching the BL, the diffusion timescale of iodine within sea ice is depth-dependent. The BL is also a vital component of the proposed mechanism as it enhances the chemical kinetics of iodine-related reactions, which allows for the efficient release of iodine to the polar boundary layer. We suggest that iodine is released to the atmosphere via three possible pathways: (1) emitted from the BL and then transported throughout snow atop sea ice, from where it is released to the atmosphere; (2) released directly from the BL to the atmosphere in regions of sea ice that are not covered with snowpack; or (3) emitted to the atmosphere directly through fractures in the sea-ice pack. To investigate the proposed biology-ice-atmosphere coupling at coastal Antarctica we use a multiphase model that incorporates the transport of iodine species, via diffusion, at variable depths, within brine channels of sea ice. Model simulations were conducted to interpret observations of elevated springtime IO in the coastal Antarctic, around the Weddell Sea. While a lack of experimental and observational data adds uncertainty to the model predictions, the results nevertheless show that the levels of inorganic iodine (i.e. I 2 , IBr, ICl) released from sea ice through this mechanism could account for the observed IO concentrations during this timeframe. The model ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Saiz-Lopez, A. Blaszczak-Boxe, C.S. Carpenter, L.J. |
spellingShingle |
Saiz-Lopez, A. Blaszczak-Boxe, C.S. Carpenter, L.J. A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
author_facet |
Saiz-Lopez, A. Blaszczak-Boxe, C.S. Carpenter, L.J. |
author_sort |
Saiz-Lopez, A. |
title |
A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
title_short |
A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
title_full |
A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
title_fullStr |
A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
A mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
title_sort |
mechanism for biologically induced iodine emissions from sea ice |
publisher |
European Geophysical Society |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/130532 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 |
geographic |
Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice pack Sea ice Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica ice pack Sea ice Weddell Sea |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 issn: 1680-7324 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15: 9731- 9746 (2015) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/130532 |
op_rights |
open |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-9731-2015 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
17 |
container_start_page |
9731 |
op_container_end_page |
9746 |
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1790599034949337088 |