Data from: High-latitude stratospheric aerosol injection to preserve the Arctic

• Main Authors: Lee, Walker R., MacMartin, Douglas G., Visioni, Daniele, Kravitz, Ben, Chen, Yating, Moore, John C., Leguy, Gunter, Lawrence, David M., Bailey, David A.
• Format: Dataset
• Language: English
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Geoengineering; Arctic; Stratospheric aerosol injection; Greenland; Global warming; Ice; Ice Sheet; permafrost; Sea ice
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/1813/111374; https://doi.org/10.7298/gnmp-q653

This data supports the results of "High-latitude stratospheric aerosol injection to preserve the Arctic" (Lee et. al., 2022), which reported: Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) has been shown in climate models to reduce some impacts of global warming in the Arctic, including the loss of sea ice, permafrost thaw, and reduction of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass; SAI at high latitudes could preferentially target these impacts. In this study, we use the Community Earth System Model to simulate two Arctic-focused SAI strategies, which inject at 60°N latitude each spring with injection rates adjusted to either maintain September Arctic sea ice at 2030 levels (“Arctic Low”) or restore it to 2010 levels (“Arctic High”). Both simulations maintain or restore September Arctic sea ice to within 10% of their respective targets, reduce permafrost thaw, and increase GrIS surface mass balance by reducing runoff. Arctic High reduces these impacts more effectively than a globally-focused SAI strategy that injects similar quantities of SO2 at lower latitudes. However, Arctic-focused SAI is not merely a “reset button” for the Arctic climate, but brings about a novel climate state, including changes to the seasonal cycles of Northern Hemisphere temperature and sea ice and less high-latitude carbon uptake relative to SSP2-4.5. Additionally, while Arctic-focused SAI predominantly cools the Arctic, its effects are not confined to the Arctic, including detectable cooling throughout most of the northern hemisphere for both simulations, increased mid-latitude sulfur deposition, and a southward shift of the location of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). National Science Foundation, CBET-1818759 and CBET-1931641