A global climatology of polar lows investigated for local differences and wind-shear environments
Polar lows are intense mesoscale cyclones developing in marine polar air masses. This study presents a new global climatology of polar lows based on the ERA5 reanalysis for the years 1979–2020. Criteria for the detection of polar lows are derived based on a comparison of five polar-low archives with...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:wcd97898 2023-05-15T17:24:23+02:00 A global climatology of polar lows investigated for local differences and wind-shear environments Stoll, Patrick Johannes 2022-04-11 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-483-2022 https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/3/483/2022/ eng eng doi:10.5194/wcd-3-483-2022 https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/3/483/2022/ eISSN: 2698-4016 Text 2022 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-483-2022 2022-04-18T16:21:51Z Polar lows are intense mesoscale cyclones developing in marine polar air masses. This study presents a new global climatology of polar lows based on the ERA5 reanalysis for the years 1979–2020. Criteria for the detection of polar lows are derived based on a comparison of five polar-low archives with cyclones derived by a mesoscale tracking algorithm. The characteristics associated with polar lows are considered by the following criteria: (i) intense cyclone (large relative vorticity), (ii) mesoscale (small vortex diameter), and (iii) development in the marine polar air masses (a combination of low potential static stability and low potential temperature at the tropopause). Polar lows develop in all marine areas adjacent to sea ice or cold landmasses, mainly in the winter half year. The length and intensity of the season are regionally dependent. The highest density appears in the Nordic Seas. For all ocean sub-basins, forward-shear polar lows are the most common, whereas weak-shear polar lows and those propagating towards warmer environments are second and third most frequent, depending on the area. Reverse-shear polar lows and those propagating towards colder environments are rather seldom, especially in the Southern Ocean. Generally, polar lows share many characteristics across ocean basins and wind-shear categories. The most remarkable difference is that forward-shear polar lows often occur in a stronger vertical wind shear, whereas reverse-shear polar lows feature lower static stability. Hence, the contribution to a fast baroclinic growth rate is slightly different for the shear categories. Text Nordic Seas Sea ice Southern Ocean Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Southern Ocean Weather and Climate Dynamics 3 2 483 504 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
Polar lows are intense mesoscale cyclones developing in marine polar air masses. This study presents a new global climatology of polar lows based on the ERA5 reanalysis for the years 1979–2020. Criteria for the detection of polar lows are derived based on a comparison of five polar-low archives with cyclones derived by a mesoscale tracking algorithm. The characteristics associated with polar lows are considered by the following criteria: (i) intense cyclone (large relative vorticity), (ii) mesoscale (small vortex diameter), and (iii) development in the marine polar air masses (a combination of low potential static stability and low potential temperature at the tropopause). Polar lows develop in all marine areas adjacent to sea ice or cold landmasses, mainly in the winter half year. The length and intensity of the season are regionally dependent. The highest density appears in the Nordic Seas. For all ocean sub-basins, forward-shear polar lows are the most common, whereas weak-shear polar lows and those propagating towards warmer environments are second and third most frequent, depending on the area. Reverse-shear polar lows and those propagating towards colder environments are rather seldom, especially in the Southern Ocean. Generally, polar lows share many characteristics across ocean basins and wind-shear categories. The most remarkable difference is that forward-shear polar lows often occur in a stronger vertical wind shear, whereas reverse-shear polar lows feature lower static stability. Hence, the contribution to a fast baroclinic growth rate is slightly different for the shear categories. |
format |
Text |
author |
Stoll, Patrick Johannes |
spellingShingle |
Stoll, Patrick Johannes A global climatology of polar lows investigated for local differences and wind-shear environments |
author_facet |
Stoll, Patrick Johannes |
author_sort |
Stoll, Patrick Johannes |
title |
A global climatology of polar lows investigated for local differences and wind-shear environments |
title_short |
A global climatology of polar lows investigated for local differences and wind-shear environments |
title_full |
A global climatology of polar lows investigated for local differences and wind-shear environments |
title_fullStr |
A global climatology of polar lows investigated for local differences and wind-shear environments |
title_full_unstemmed |
A global climatology of polar lows investigated for local differences and wind-shear environments |
title_sort |
global climatology of polar lows investigated for local differences and wind-shear environments |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-483-2022 https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/3/483/2022/ |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Nordic Seas Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Nordic Seas Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
eISSN: 2698-4016 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/wcd-3-483-2022 https://wcd.copernicus.org/articles/3/483/2022/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-3-483-2022 |
container_title |
Weather and Climate Dynamics |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
483 |
op_container_end_page |
504 |
_version_ |
1766115361431748608 |