Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on Arctic winter heat fluxes
In the high latitude Arctic, wintertime sea ice and snow insulate the relatively warmer ocean from the colder atmosphere. As the climate warms, wintertime Arctic surface heat fluxes will be dominated by the insulating effect of snow and sea-ice covering the ocean until the sea ice thins enough or se...
Main Authors: | , |
---|---|
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-245 https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2021-245/ |
id |
ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:tcd96743 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:tcd96743 2023-05-15T14:29:11+02:00 Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on Arctic winter heat fluxes Landrum, Laura L. Holland, Marika M. 2021-08-16 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-245 https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2021-245/ eng eng doi:10.5194/tc-2021-245 https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2021-245/ eISSN: 1994-0424 Text 2021 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-245 2021-08-23T16:22:29Z In the high latitude Arctic, wintertime sea ice and snow insulate the relatively warmer ocean from the colder atmosphere. As the climate warms, wintertime Arctic surface heat fluxes will be dominated by the insulating effect of snow and sea-ice covering the ocean until the sea ice thins enough or sea ice concentrations decrease enough such that direct ocean-atmosphere heat fluxes become more important. Simulated wintertime conductive heat fluxes in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean increase ~7–11 W m −2 by mid-21 st century and are due to both thinning sea ice and snow on sea ice. Surface heat flux estimates calculated using grid-cell mean values of sea ice thicknesses underestimate mean heat fluxes by ~16–35 % and overestimate changes in conductive heat fluxes by up to ~36 % in the wintertime Arctic basin even while sea ice concentrations remain above 90 %. Text Arctic Basin Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Arctic Arctic Ocean |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
In the high latitude Arctic, wintertime sea ice and snow insulate the relatively warmer ocean from the colder atmosphere. As the climate warms, wintertime Arctic surface heat fluxes will be dominated by the insulating effect of snow and sea-ice covering the ocean until the sea ice thins enough or sea ice concentrations decrease enough such that direct ocean-atmosphere heat fluxes become more important. Simulated wintertime conductive heat fluxes in the ice-covered Arctic Ocean increase ~7–11 W m −2 by mid-21 st century and are due to both thinning sea ice and snow on sea ice. Surface heat flux estimates calculated using grid-cell mean values of sea ice thicknesses underestimate mean heat fluxes by ~16–35 % and overestimate changes in conductive heat fluxes by up to ~36 % in the wintertime Arctic basin even while sea ice concentrations remain above 90 %. |
format |
Text |
author |
Landrum, Laura L. Holland, Marika M. |
spellingShingle |
Landrum, Laura L. Holland, Marika M. Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on Arctic winter heat fluxes |
author_facet |
Landrum, Laura L. Holland, Marika M. |
author_sort |
Landrum, Laura L. |
title |
Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on Arctic winter heat fluxes |
title_short |
Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on Arctic winter heat fluxes |
title_full |
Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on Arctic winter heat fluxes |
title_fullStr |
Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on Arctic winter heat fluxes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on Arctic winter heat fluxes |
title_sort |
influences of changing sea ice and snow thicknesses on arctic winter heat fluxes |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-245 https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2021-245/ |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Basin Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Basin Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
op_source |
eISSN: 1994-0424 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-2021-245 https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2021-245/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-245 |
_version_ |
1766303265771749376 |