Frazil ice growth and production during katabatic wind events in the Ross Sea, Antarctica
During katabatic wind events in the Terra Nova Bay and Ross Sea polynyas, wind speeds exceeded 20 m s −1 , air temperatures were below −25 ℃, and the mixed layer extended as deep as 600 meters. Yet, upper ocean temperature and salinity profiles were not perfectly homogeneous, as would be expected wi...
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-213 https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2019-213/ |
id |
ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:tcd79984 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:tcd79984 2023-05-15T13:55:28+02:00 Frazil ice growth and production during katabatic wind events in the Ross Sea, Antarctica Pace, Lisa Smith, Madison Thomson, Jim Stammerjohn, Sharon Ackley, Steve Loose, Brice 2019-10-30 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-213 https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2019-213/ eng eng doi:10.5194/tc-2019-213 https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2019-213/ eISSN: 1994-0424 Text 2019 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-213 2020-07-20T16:22:36Z During katabatic wind events in the Terra Nova Bay and Ross Sea polynyas, wind speeds exceeded 20 m s −1 , air temperatures were below −25 ℃, and the mixed layer extended as deep as 600 meters. Yet, upper ocean temperature and salinity profiles were not perfectly homogeneous, as would be expected with vigorous convective heat loss. Instead, the profiles revealed bulges of warm and salty water directly beneath the ocean surface and extending downwards tens of meters. Considering both the colder air above and colder water below, we suggest the increase in temperature and salinity reflects latent heat and salt release during unconsolidated frazil ice production within the upper water column. We use a simplified salt budget to analyze these anomalies to estimate in-situ frazil ice concentration between 332 × 10 −3 and 24.4 × 10 −3 kg m −3 . Contemporaneous estimates of vertical mixing by turbulent kinetic energy dissipation reveal rapid convection in these unstable density profiles, and mixing lifetimes from 2 to 12 minutes. The corresponding median rate of ice production is 26 cm day −1 and compares well with previous empirical and model estimates. Our individual estimates of ice production up to 378 cm day −1 reveal the intensity of short-term ice production events during the windiest episodes of our occupation of Terra Nova Bay Polynya. Text Antarc* Antarctica Ross Sea Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Ross Sea Terra Nova Bay |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
During katabatic wind events in the Terra Nova Bay and Ross Sea polynyas, wind speeds exceeded 20 m s −1 , air temperatures were below −25 ℃, and the mixed layer extended as deep as 600 meters. Yet, upper ocean temperature and salinity profiles were not perfectly homogeneous, as would be expected with vigorous convective heat loss. Instead, the profiles revealed bulges of warm and salty water directly beneath the ocean surface and extending downwards tens of meters. Considering both the colder air above and colder water below, we suggest the increase in temperature and salinity reflects latent heat and salt release during unconsolidated frazil ice production within the upper water column. We use a simplified salt budget to analyze these anomalies to estimate in-situ frazil ice concentration between 332 × 10 −3 and 24.4 × 10 −3 kg m −3 . Contemporaneous estimates of vertical mixing by turbulent kinetic energy dissipation reveal rapid convection in these unstable density profiles, and mixing lifetimes from 2 to 12 minutes. The corresponding median rate of ice production is 26 cm day −1 and compares well with previous empirical and model estimates. Our individual estimates of ice production up to 378 cm day −1 reveal the intensity of short-term ice production events during the windiest episodes of our occupation of Terra Nova Bay Polynya. |
format |
Text |
author |
Pace, Lisa Smith, Madison Thomson, Jim Stammerjohn, Sharon Ackley, Steve Loose, Brice |
spellingShingle |
Pace, Lisa Smith, Madison Thomson, Jim Stammerjohn, Sharon Ackley, Steve Loose, Brice Frazil ice growth and production during katabatic wind events in the Ross Sea, Antarctica |
author_facet |
Pace, Lisa Smith, Madison Thomson, Jim Stammerjohn, Sharon Ackley, Steve Loose, Brice |
author_sort |
Pace, Lisa |
title |
Frazil ice growth and production during katabatic wind events in the Ross Sea, Antarctica |
title_short |
Frazil ice growth and production during katabatic wind events in the Ross Sea, Antarctica |
title_full |
Frazil ice growth and production during katabatic wind events in the Ross Sea, Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
Frazil ice growth and production during katabatic wind events in the Ross Sea, Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
Frazil ice growth and production during katabatic wind events in the Ross Sea, Antarctica |
title_sort |
frazil ice growth and production during katabatic wind events in the ross sea, antarctica |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-213 https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2019-213/ |
geographic |
Ross Sea Terra Nova Bay |
geographic_facet |
Ross Sea Terra Nova Bay |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Ross Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Ross Sea |
op_source |
eISSN: 1994-0424 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-2019-213 https://tc.copernicus.org/preprints/tc-2019-213/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2019-213 |
_version_ |
1766262107344470016 |