Spaceborne infrared imagery for early detection of Weddell Polynya opening
Knowing when sea ice will open is crucial, notably for scientific deployments. This was particularly obvious when the Weddell Polynya, a large opening in the winter Southern Ocean sea ice, unexpectedly re-appeared in 2016. As no precursor had been detected, observations were limited to chance autono...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:tc85373 2023-05-15T18:17:38+02:00 Spaceborne infrared imagery for early detection of Weddell Polynya opening Heuzé, Céline Zhou, Lu Mohrmann, Martin Lemos, Adriano 2021-07-21 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3401-2021 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/3401/2021/ eng eng doi:10.5194/tc-15-3401-2021 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/3401/2021/ eISSN: 1994-0424 Text 2021 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3401-2021 2021-07-26T16:22:27Z Knowing when sea ice will open is crucial, notably for scientific deployments. This was particularly obvious when the Weddell Polynya, a large opening in the winter Southern Ocean sea ice, unexpectedly re-appeared in 2016. As no precursor had been detected, observations were limited to chance autonomous sensors, and the exact cause of the opening could not be determined accurately. We investigate here whether the signature of the vertical ocean motions or that of the leads, which ultimately re-open the polynya, are detectable in spaceborne infrared temperature before the polynya opens. From the full historical sea ice concentration record, we find 30 polynyas starting from 1980. Then, using the full time series of the spaceborne infrared Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, we determine that these events can be detected in the 2 weeks before the polynya opens as a reduction in the variance of the data. For the three commonly used infrared brightness temperature bands, the 15 d sum and 15 d standard deviation of their area median and maximum are systematically lower than the climatology when a polynya will open. Moreover, by comparing the infrared brightness temperature to atmospheric reanalysis, hydrographic mooring data, and autonomous profilers, we find that temporal oscillations in one band and the decrease in the difference between bands may be used as proxies for upwelling of warm water and presence of leads, respectively, albeit with caution. Therefore, although infrared data are strongly limited by their horizontal resolution and sensitivity to clouds, they could be used for studying ocean or atmosphere preconditioning of polynyas in the historical record. Text Sea ice Southern Ocean Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Southern Ocean Weddell The Cryosphere 15 7 3401 3421 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
Knowing when sea ice will open is crucial, notably for scientific deployments. This was particularly obvious when the Weddell Polynya, a large opening in the winter Southern Ocean sea ice, unexpectedly re-appeared in 2016. As no precursor had been detected, observations were limited to chance autonomous sensors, and the exact cause of the opening could not be determined accurately. We investigate here whether the signature of the vertical ocean motions or that of the leads, which ultimately re-open the polynya, are detectable in spaceborne infrared temperature before the polynya opens. From the full historical sea ice concentration record, we find 30 polynyas starting from 1980. Then, using the full time series of the spaceborne infrared Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, we determine that these events can be detected in the 2 weeks before the polynya opens as a reduction in the variance of the data. For the three commonly used infrared brightness temperature bands, the 15 d sum and 15 d standard deviation of their area median and maximum are systematically lower than the climatology when a polynya will open. Moreover, by comparing the infrared brightness temperature to atmospheric reanalysis, hydrographic mooring data, and autonomous profilers, we find that temporal oscillations in one band and the decrease in the difference between bands may be used as proxies for upwelling of warm water and presence of leads, respectively, albeit with caution. Therefore, although infrared data are strongly limited by their horizontal resolution and sensitivity to clouds, they could be used for studying ocean or atmosphere preconditioning of polynyas in the historical record. |
format |
Text |
author |
Heuzé, Céline Zhou, Lu Mohrmann, Martin Lemos, Adriano |
spellingShingle |
Heuzé, Céline Zhou, Lu Mohrmann, Martin Lemos, Adriano Spaceborne infrared imagery for early detection of Weddell Polynya opening |
author_facet |
Heuzé, Céline Zhou, Lu Mohrmann, Martin Lemos, Adriano |
author_sort |
Heuzé, Céline |
title |
Spaceborne infrared imagery for early detection of Weddell Polynya opening |
title_short |
Spaceborne infrared imagery for early detection of Weddell Polynya opening |
title_full |
Spaceborne infrared imagery for early detection of Weddell Polynya opening |
title_fullStr |
Spaceborne infrared imagery for early detection of Weddell Polynya opening |
title_full_unstemmed |
Spaceborne infrared imagery for early detection of Weddell Polynya opening |
title_sort |
spaceborne infrared imagery for early detection of weddell polynya opening |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3401-2021 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/3401/2021/ |
geographic |
Southern Ocean Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean Weddell |
genre |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_source |
eISSN: 1994-0424 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-15-3401-2021 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/15/3401/2021/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-3401-2021 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
3401 |
op_container_end_page |
3421 |
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1766192209993924608 |