Sea ice export through the Fram Strait derived from a combined model and satellite data set
Sea ice volume export through the Fram Strait plays an important role in the Arctic freshwater and energy redistribution. The combined model and satellite sea ice thickness (CMST) data set assimilates CryoSat-2 and soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) thickness products together with satellite se...
Published in: | The Cryosphere |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3209-2019 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/3209/2019/ |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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Sea ice volume export through the Fram Strait plays an important role in the Arctic freshwater and energy redistribution. The combined model and satellite sea ice thickness (CMST) data set assimilates CryoSat-2 and soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) thickness products together with satellite sea ice concentration. The CMST data set closes the gap of stand-alone satellite-derived sea ice thickness in summer and therefore allows us to estimate sea ice volume export during the melt season. In this study, we first validate the CMST data set using field observations, and then we estimate the continuous seasonal and interannual variations in Arctic sea ice volume flux through the Fram Strait from September 2010 to December 2016. The results show that seasonal and interannual sea ice volume export vary from about <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">240</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">40</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8fd5890aca282cd2c3e0ae02f347dbd7"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00001.svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">970</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">60</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="1a75789910525d24bc82158d5be2ef0d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00002.svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> km 3 and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1970</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">290</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="81478d387d05986fae2eb57cf970b3a6"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00003.svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2490</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">280</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="4bc0aa49e9bdb02498b00a817caa3f8c"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00004.svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg> km 3 , respectively. The sea ice volume export reaches its maximum in spring and about one-third of the yearly total volume export occurs in the melt season. The minimum monthly sea ice export is −11 km 3 in August 2015, and the maximum ( −442 km 3 ) appears in March 2011. The seasonal relative frequencies of sea ice thickness and drift suggest that the Fram Strait outlet in summer is dominated by sea ice that is thicker than 2 m with relatively slow seasonal mean drift of about 3 km d −1 . |
format |
Text |
author |
Min, Chao Mu, Longjiang Yang, Qinghua Ricker, Robert Shi, Qian Han, Bo Wu, Renhao Liu, Jiping |
spellingShingle |
Min, Chao Mu, Longjiang Yang, Qinghua Ricker, Robert Shi, Qian Han, Bo Wu, Renhao Liu, Jiping Sea ice export through the Fram Strait derived from a combined model and satellite data set |
author_facet |
Min, Chao Mu, Longjiang Yang, Qinghua Ricker, Robert Shi, Qian Han, Bo Wu, Renhao Liu, Jiping |
author_sort |
Min, Chao |
title |
Sea ice export through the Fram Strait derived from a combined model and satellite data set |
title_short |
Sea ice export through the Fram Strait derived from a combined model and satellite data set |
title_full |
Sea ice export through the Fram Strait derived from a combined model and satellite data set |
title_fullStr |
Sea ice export through the Fram Strait derived from a combined model and satellite data set |
title_full_unstemmed |
Sea ice export through the Fram Strait derived from a combined model and satellite data set |
title_sort |
sea ice export through the fram strait derived from a combined model and satellite data set |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3209-2019 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/3209/2019/ |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Fram Strait Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Fram Strait Sea ice |
op_source |
eISSN: 1994-0424 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-13-3209-2019 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/3209/2019/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3209-2019 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
13 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
3209 |
op_container_end_page |
3224 |
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1766341404796125184 |
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:tc77780 2023-05-15T15:10:21+02:00 Sea ice export through the Fram Strait derived from a combined model and satellite data set Min, Chao Mu, Longjiang Yang, Qinghua Ricker, Robert Shi, Qian Han, Bo Wu, Renhao Liu, Jiping 2019-12-04 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3209-2019 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/3209/2019/ eng eng doi:10.5194/tc-13-3209-2019 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/13/3209/2019/ eISSN: 1994-0424 Text 2019 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-3209-2019 2020-07-20T16:22:33Z Sea ice volume export through the Fram Strait plays an important role in the Arctic freshwater and energy redistribution. The combined model and satellite sea ice thickness (CMST) data set assimilates CryoSat-2 and soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) thickness products together with satellite sea ice concentration. The CMST data set closes the gap of stand-alone satellite-derived sea ice thickness in summer and therefore allows us to estimate sea ice volume export during the melt season. In this study, we first validate the CMST data set using field observations, and then we estimate the continuous seasonal and interannual variations in Arctic sea ice volume flux through the Fram Strait from September 2010 to December 2016. The results show that seasonal and interannual sea ice volume export vary from about <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">240</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">40</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8fd5890aca282cd2c3e0ae02f347dbd7"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00001.svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">970</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">60</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="1a75789910525d24bc82158d5be2ef0d"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00002.svg" width="55pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> km 3 and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1970</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">290</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="81478d387d05986fae2eb57cf970b3a6"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00003.svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2490</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>±</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">280</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="4bc0aa49e9bdb02498b00a817caa3f8c"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00004.svg" width="67pt" height="12pt" src="tc-13-3209-2019-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg> km 3 , respectively. The sea ice volume export reaches its maximum in spring and about one-third of the yearly total volume export occurs in the melt season. The minimum monthly sea ice export is −11 km 3 in August 2015, and the maximum ( −442 km 3 ) appears in March 2011. The seasonal relative frequencies of sea ice thickness and drift suggest that the Fram Strait outlet in summer is dominated by sea ice that is thicker than 2 m with relatively slow seasonal mean drift of about 3 km d −1 . Text Arctic Fram Strait Sea ice Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Arctic The Cryosphere 13 12 3209 3224 |