Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores
The seasonal and annual representativeness of ionic aerosol proxies (among others, calcium, sodium, ammonium and nitrate) in various firn cores in the vicinity of the NEEM drill site in northwest Greenland have been assessed. Seasonal representativeness is very high as one core explains more than 60...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:tc24896 2023-05-15T16:29:45+02:00 Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores Gfeller, G. Fischer, H. Bigler, M. Schüpbach, S. Leuenberger, D. Mini, O. 2018-09-27 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1855-2014 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/8/1855/2014/ eng eng doi:10.5194/tc-8-1855-2014 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/8/1855/2014/ eISSN: 1994-0424 Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1855-2014 2020-07-20T16:24:54Z The seasonal and annual representativeness of ionic aerosol proxies (among others, calcium, sodium, ammonium and nitrate) in various firn cores in the vicinity of the NEEM drill site in northwest Greenland have been assessed. Seasonal representativeness is very high as one core explains more than 60% of the variability within the area. The inter-annual representativeness, however, can be substantially lower (depending on the species) making replicate coring indispensable to derive the atmospheric variability of aerosol species. A single core at the NEEM site records only 30% of the inter-annual atmospheric variability in some species, while five replicate cores are already needed to cover approximately 70% of the inter-annual atmospheric variability in all species. The spatial representativeness is very high within 60 cm, rapidly decorrelates within 10 m but does not diminish further within 3 km. We attribute this to wind reworking of the snow pack leading to sastrugi formation. Due to the high resolution and seasonal representativeness of the records we can derive accurate seasonalities of the measured species for modern (AD 1990–2010) times as well as for pre-industrial (AD 1623–1750) times. Sodium and calcium show similar seasonality (peaking in February and March respectively) for modern and pre-industrial times, whereas ammonium and nitrate are influenced by anthropogenic activities. Nitrate and ammonium both peak in May during modern times, whereas during pre-industrial times ammonium peaked during July–August and nitrate during June–July. Text Greenland Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Greenland Sastrugi ENVELOPE(163.683,163.683,-74.617,-74.617) The Cryosphere 8 5 1855 1870 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
The seasonal and annual representativeness of ionic aerosol proxies (among others, calcium, sodium, ammonium and nitrate) in various firn cores in the vicinity of the NEEM drill site in northwest Greenland have been assessed. Seasonal representativeness is very high as one core explains more than 60% of the variability within the area. The inter-annual representativeness, however, can be substantially lower (depending on the species) making replicate coring indispensable to derive the atmospheric variability of aerosol species. A single core at the NEEM site records only 30% of the inter-annual atmospheric variability in some species, while five replicate cores are already needed to cover approximately 70% of the inter-annual atmospheric variability in all species. The spatial representativeness is very high within 60 cm, rapidly decorrelates within 10 m but does not diminish further within 3 km. We attribute this to wind reworking of the snow pack leading to sastrugi formation. Due to the high resolution and seasonal representativeness of the records we can derive accurate seasonalities of the measured species for modern (AD 1990–2010) times as well as for pre-industrial (AD 1623–1750) times. Sodium and calcium show similar seasonality (peaking in February and March respectively) for modern and pre-industrial times, whereas ammonium and nitrate are influenced by anthropogenic activities. Nitrate and ammonium both peak in May during modern times, whereas during pre-industrial times ammonium peaked during July–August and nitrate during June–July. |
format |
Text |
author |
Gfeller, G. Fischer, H. Bigler, M. Schüpbach, S. Leuenberger, D. Mini, O. |
spellingShingle |
Gfeller, G. Fischer, H. Bigler, M. Schüpbach, S. Leuenberger, D. Mini, O. Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores |
author_facet |
Gfeller, G. Fischer, H. Bigler, M. Schüpbach, S. Leuenberger, D. Mini, O. |
author_sort |
Gfeller, G. |
title |
Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores |
title_short |
Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores |
title_full |
Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores |
title_fullStr |
Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores |
title_full_unstemmed |
Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores |
title_sort |
representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from neem firn cores |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1855-2014 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/8/1855/2014/ |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(163.683,163.683,-74.617,-74.617) |
geographic |
Greenland Sastrugi |
geographic_facet |
Greenland Sastrugi |
genre |
Greenland |
genre_facet |
Greenland |
op_source |
eISSN: 1994-0424 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-8-1855-2014 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/8/1855/2014/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-1855-2014 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
8 |
container_issue |
5 |
container_start_page |
1855 |
op_container_end_page |
1870 |
_version_ |
1766019457435566080 |