Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010
Analyses of 32 yr (1979–2010) of Arctic sea ice extents and areas derived from satellite passive microwave radiometers are presented for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole and for nine Arctic regions. There is an overall negative yearly trend of −51.5 ± 4.1 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−4.1 ± 0.3% decade −1 )...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:tc14535 2023-05-15T14:51:13+02:00 Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010 Cavalieri, D. J. Parkinson, C. L. 2018-09-27 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-881-2012 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/6/881/2012/ eng eng doi:10.5194/tc-6-881-2012 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/6/881/2012/ eISSN: 1994-0424 Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-881-2012 2020-07-20T16:25:45Z Analyses of 32 yr (1979–2010) of Arctic sea ice extents and areas derived from satellite passive microwave radiometers are presented for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole and for nine Arctic regions. There is an overall negative yearly trend of −51.5 ± 4.1 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−4.1 ± 0.3% decade −1 ) in sea ice extent for the hemisphere. The yearly sea ice extent trends for the individual Arctic regions are all negative except for the Bering Sea: −3.9 ± 1.1 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−8.7 ± 2.5% decade −1 ) for the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan, +0.3 ± 0.8 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (+1.2 ± 2.7% decade −1 ) for the Bering Sea, −4.4 ± 0.7 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−5.1 ± 0.9% decade −1 ) for Hudson Bay, −7.6 ± 1.6 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−8.5 ± 1.8% decade −1 ) for Baffin Bay/Labrador Sea, −0.5 ± 0.3 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−5.9 ± 3.5% decade −1 ) for the Gulf of St. Lawrence, −6.5 ± 1.1 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−8.6 ± 1.5% decade −1 ) for the Greenland Sea, −13.5 ± 2.3 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−9.2 ± 1.6% decade −1 ) for the Kara and Barents Seas, −14.6 ± 2.3 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−2.1 ± 0.3% decade −1 ) for the Arctic Ocean, and −0.9 ± 0.4 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−1.3 ± 0.5% decade −1 ) for the Canadian Archipelago. Similarly, the yearly trends for sea ice areas are all negative except for the Bering Sea. On a seasonal basis for both sea ice extents and areas, the largest negative trend is observed for summer with the next largest negative trend being for autumn. Both the sea ice extent and area trends vary widely by month depending on region and season. For the Northern Hemisphere as a whole, all 12 months show negative sea ice extent trends with a minimum magnitude in May and a maximum magnitude in September, whereas the corresponding sea ice area trends are smaller in magnitude and reach minimum and maximum values in March and September. Text Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Bering Sea Canadian Archipelago Greenland Greenland Sea Hudson Bay Labrador Sea Sea ice Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Bering Sea Greenland Hudson Hudson Bay Okhotsk The Cryosphere 6 4 881 889 |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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English |
description |
Analyses of 32 yr (1979–2010) of Arctic sea ice extents and areas derived from satellite passive microwave radiometers are presented for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole and for nine Arctic regions. There is an overall negative yearly trend of −51.5 ± 4.1 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−4.1 ± 0.3% decade −1 ) in sea ice extent for the hemisphere. The yearly sea ice extent trends for the individual Arctic regions are all negative except for the Bering Sea: −3.9 ± 1.1 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−8.7 ± 2.5% decade −1 ) for the Seas of Okhotsk and Japan, +0.3 ± 0.8 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (+1.2 ± 2.7% decade −1 ) for the Bering Sea, −4.4 ± 0.7 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−5.1 ± 0.9% decade −1 ) for Hudson Bay, −7.6 ± 1.6 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−8.5 ± 1.8% decade −1 ) for Baffin Bay/Labrador Sea, −0.5 ± 0.3 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−5.9 ± 3.5% decade −1 ) for the Gulf of St. Lawrence, −6.5 ± 1.1 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−8.6 ± 1.5% decade −1 ) for the Greenland Sea, −13.5 ± 2.3 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−9.2 ± 1.6% decade −1 ) for the Kara and Barents Seas, −14.6 ± 2.3 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−2.1 ± 0.3% decade −1 ) for the Arctic Ocean, and −0.9 ± 0.4 × 10 3 km 2 yr −1 (−1.3 ± 0.5% decade −1 ) for the Canadian Archipelago. Similarly, the yearly trends for sea ice areas are all negative except for the Bering Sea. On a seasonal basis for both sea ice extents and areas, the largest negative trend is observed for summer with the next largest negative trend being for autumn. Both the sea ice extent and area trends vary widely by month depending on region and season. For the Northern Hemisphere as a whole, all 12 months show negative sea ice extent trends with a minimum magnitude in May and a maximum magnitude in September, whereas the corresponding sea ice area trends are smaller in magnitude and reach minimum and maximum values in March and September. |
format |
Text |
author |
Cavalieri, D. J. Parkinson, C. L. |
spellingShingle |
Cavalieri, D. J. Parkinson, C. L. Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010 |
author_facet |
Cavalieri, D. J. Parkinson, C. L. |
author_sort |
Cavalieri, D. J. |
title |
Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010 |
title_short |
Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010 |
title_full |
Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010 |
title_fullStr |
Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010 |
title_sort |
arctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979–2010 |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-881-2012 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/6/881/2012/ |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Bering Sea Greenland Hudson Hudson Bay Okhotsk |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Bering Sea Greenland Hudson Hudson Bay Okhotsk |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Bering Sea Canadian Archipelago Greenland Greenland Sea Hudson Bay Labrador Sea Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Bering Sea Canadian Archipelago Greenland Greenland Sea Hudson Bay Labrador Sea Sea ice |
op_source |
eISSN: 1994-0424 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-6-881-2012 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/6/881/2012/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-6-881-2012 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
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6 |
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4 |
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881 |
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889 |
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1766322269853843456 |