The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers
Rather than being solid throughout, sea ice contains liquid brine inclusions, solid salts, microalgae, trace elements, gases, and other impurities which all exist in the interstices of a porous, solid ice matrix. This multiphase structure of sea ice arises from the fact that the salt that exists in...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:tc11935 2023-05-15T18:16:14+02:00 The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers Hunke, E. C. Notz, D. Turner, A. K. Vancoppenolle, M. 2018-10-09 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/5/989/2011/ eng eng doi:10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/5/989/2011/ eISSN: 1994-0424 Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 2020-07-20T16:25:58Z Rather than being solid throughout, sea ice contains liquid brine inclusions, solid salts, microalgae, trace elements, gases, and other impurities which all exist in the interstices of a porous, solid ice matrix. This multiphase structure of sea ice arises from the fact that the salt that exists in seawater cannot be incorporated into lattice sites in the pure ice component of sea ice, but remains in liquid solution. Depending on the ice permeability (determined by temperature, salinity and gas content), this brine can drain from the ice, taking other sea ice constituents with it. Thus, sea ice salinity and microstructure are tightly interconnected and play a significant role in polar ecosystems and climate. As large-scale climate modeling efforts move toward "earth system" simulations that include biological and chemical cycles, renewed interest in the multiphase physics of sea ice has strengthened research initiatives to observe, understand and model this complex system. This review article provides an overview of these efforts, highlighting known difficulties and requisite observations for further progress in the field. We focus on mushy layer theory, which describes general multiphase materials, and on numerical approaches now being explored to model the multiphase evolution of sea ice and its interaction with chemical, biological and climate systems. Text Sea ice Copernicus Publications: E-Journals The Cryosphere 5 4 989 1009 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
Rather than being solid throughout, sea ice contains liquid brine inclusions, solid salts, microalgae, trace elements, gases, and other impurities which all exist in the interstices of a porous, solid ice matrix. This multiphase structure of sea ice arises from the fact that the salt that exists in seawater cannot be incorporated into lattice sites in the pure ice component of sea ice, but remains in liquid solution. Depending on the ice permeability (determined by temperature, salinity and gas content), this brine can drain from the ice, taking other sea ice constituents with it. Thus, sea ice salinity and microstructure are tightly interconnected and play a significant role in polar ecosystems and climate. As large-scale climate modeling efforts move toward "earth system" simulations that include biological and chemical cycles, renewed interest in the multiphase physics of sea ice has strengthened research initiatives to observe, understand and model this complex system. This review article provides an overview of these efforts, highlighting known difficulties and requisite observations for further progress in the field. We focus on mushy layer theory, which describes general multiphase materials, and on numerical approaches now being explored to model the multiphase evolution of sea ice and its interaction with chemical, biological and climate systems. |
format |
Text |
author |
Hunke, E. C. Notz, D. Turner, A. K. Vancoppenolle, M. |
spellingShingle |
Hunke, E. C. Notz, D. Turner, A. K. Vancoppenolle, M. The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
author_facet |
Hunke, E. C. Notz, D. Turner, A. K. Vancoppenolle, M. |
author_sort |
Hunke, E. C. |
title |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
title_short |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
title_full |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
title_fullStr |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
title_full_unstemmed |
The multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
title_sort |
multiphase physics of sea ice: a review for model developers |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/5/989/2011/ |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
eISSN: 1994-0424 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/5/989/2011/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-5-989-2011 |
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The Cryosphere |
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5 |
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4 |
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989 |
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1009 |
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1766189739756486656 |