Variations in snow and firn chemistry along US ITASE traverses and the effect of surface glazing
This study provides a baseline from which changes in the chemistry of the atmosphere over Antarctica can be monitored under expected warming scenarios and continued intensification of industrial activities in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the first study to measure more than 25 chemical constituent...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:tc10465 2023-05-15T13:54:27+02:00 Variations in snow and firn chemistry along US ITASE traverses and the effect of surface glazing Dixon, D. A. Mayewski, P. A. Korotkikh, E. Sneed, S. B. Handley, M. J. Introne, D. S. Scambos, T. A. 2018-09-27 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-515-2013 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/515/2013/ eng eng doi:10.5194/tc-7-515-2013 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/515/2013/ eISSN: 1994-0424 Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-515-2013 2020-07-20T16:25:31Z This study provides a baseline from which changes in the chemistry of the atmosphere over Antarctica can be monitored under expected warming scenarios and continued intensification of industrial activities in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the first study to measure more than 25 chemical constituents in the surface snow and firn across extensive regions of Antarctica. We present major ion, trace element, heavy metal, rare earth element and oxygen isotope data from a series of surface snow samples and shallow firn sections collected along four US ITASE traverses across East and West Antarctica. In each sample we measure dissolved concentrations of Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cl − , NO 3 + , SO 4 2− , and MS − using ion chromatography and total concentrations of Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Pb, Bi, U, As, Al, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Na, Mg, Li, and K using inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). We also measure δ 18 O by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Satellite remote sensing measurements of microwave backscatter and grain size are used to assist in the identification of glaze/dune areas across Antarctica and determine if these areas can possibly contain useful chemical climate records. The majority of the non-glaze/dune samples in this study exhibit similar, or lower, concentrations to those from previous studies. Consequently, the results presented here comprise a conservative baseline for Antarctic surface snow chemical concentrations. The elements Cd, Pb, As and Bi are enriched across Antarctica relative to both ocean and upper crust elemental ratios. Local and global volcanic outgassing may account for the majority of the Bi measured in East and West Antarctica and for a significant fraction of the Cd and As. However, significant concentrations of Cd, Pb, and As remain across much of Antarctica. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica West Antarctica Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Antarctic West Antarctica The Cryosphere 7 2 515 535 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
This study provides a baseline from which changes in the chemistry of the atmosphere over Antarctica can be monitored under expected warming scenarios and continued intensification of industrial activities in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the first study to measure more than 25 chemical constituents in the surface snow and firn across extensive regions of Antarctica. We present major ion, trace element, heavy metal, rare earth element and oxygen isotope data from a series of surface snow samples and shallow firn sections collected along four US ITASE traverses across East and West Antarctica. In each sample we measure dissolved concentrations of Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cl − , NO 3 + , SO 4 2− , and MS − using ion chromatography and total concentrations of Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Pb, Bi, U, As, Al, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Na, Mg, Li, and K using inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). We also measure δ 18 O by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Satellite remote sensing measurements of microwave backscatter and grain size are used to assist in the identification of glaze/dune areas across Antarctica and determine if these areas can possibly contain useful chemical climate records. The majority of the non-glaze/dune samples in this study exhibit similar, or lower, concentrations to those from previous studies. Consequently, the results presented here comprise a conservative baseline for Antarctic surface snow chemical concentrations. The elements Cd, Pb, As and Bi are enriched across Antarctica relative to both ocean and upper crust elemental ratios. Local and global volcanic outgassing may account for the majority of the Bi measured in East and West Antarctica and for a significant fraction of the Cd and As. However, significant concentrations of Cd, Pb, and As remain across much of Antarctica. |
format |
Text |
author |
Dixon, D. A. Mayewski, P. A. Korotkikh, E. Sneed, S. B. Handley, M. J. Introne, D. S. Scambos, T. A. |
spellingShingle |
Dixon, D. A. Mayewski, P. A. Korotkikh, E. Sneed, S. B. Handley, M. J. Introne, D. S. Scambos, T. A. Variations in snow and firn chemistry along US ITASE traverses and the effect of surface glazing |
author_facet |
Dixon, D. A. Mayewski, P. A. Korotkikh, E. Sneed, S. B. Handley, M. J. Introne, D. S. Scambos, T. A. |
author_sort |
Dixon, D. A. |
title |
Variations in snow and firn chemistry along US ITASE traverses and the effect of surface glazing |
title_short |
Variations in snow and firn chemistry along US ITASE traverses and the effect of surface glazing |
title_full |
Variations in snow and firn chemistry along US ITASE traverses and the effect of surface glazing |
title_fullStr |
Variations in snow and firn chemistry along US ITASE traverses and the effect of surface glazing |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variations in snow and firn chemistry along US ITASE traverses and the effect of surface glazing |
title_sort |
variations in snow and firn chemistry along us itase traverses and the effect of surface glazing |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-515-2013 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/515/2013/ |
geographic |
Antarctic West Antarctica |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic West Antarctica |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica West Antarctica |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica West Antarctica |
op_source |
eISSN: 1994-0424 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/tc-7-515-2013 https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/7/515/2013/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-515-2013 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
515 |
op_container_end_page |
535 |
_version_ |
1766260380545318912 |