Linked and fully coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland
Tsunamigenic earthquakes pose considerable risks, both economically and socially, yet earthquake and tsunami hazard assessments are typically conducted separately. Earthquakes associated with unexpected tsunamis, such as the 2018 M w 7.5 strike-slip Sulawesi earthquake, emphasize the need to study t...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:se112176 2024-09-15T17:35:30+00:00 Linked and fully coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland Kutschera, Fabian Gabriel, Alice-Agnes Wirp, Sara Aniko Li, Bo Ulrich, Thomas Abril, Claudia Halldórsson, Benedikt 2024-02-21 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-251-2024 https://se.copernicus.org/articles/15/251/2024/ eng eng doi:10.5194/se-15-251-2024 https://se.copernicus.org/articles/15/251/2024/ eISSN: 1869-9529 Text 2024 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-251-2024 2024-08-28T05:24:15Z Tsunamigenic earthquakes pose considerable risks, both economically and socially, yet earthquake and tsunami hazard assessments are typically conducted separately. Earthquakes associated with unexpected tsunamis, such as the 2018 M w 7.5 strike-slip Sulawesi earthquake, emphasize the need to study the tsunami potential of active submarine faults in different tectonic settings. Here, we investigate physics-based scenarios combining simulations of 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and seismic wave propagation with tsunami generation and propagation. We present time-dependent modeling of one-way linked and 3D fully coupled earthquakes and tsunamis for the ∼ 100 km long Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone (HFFZ) in North Iceland. Our analysis shows that the HFFZ has the potential to generate sizable tsunamis. The six dynamic rupture models sourcing our tsunami scenarios vary regarding hypocenter location, spatiotemporal evolution, fault slip, and fault structure complexity but coincide with historical earthquake magnitudes. Earthquake dynamic rupture scenarios on a less segmented fault system, particularly with a hypocenter location in the eastern part of the fault system, have a larger potential for local tsunami generation. Here, dynamically evolving large shallow fault slip ( ∼ 8 m ), near-surface rake rotation ( ± 20 ∘ ), and significant coseismic vertical displacements of the local bathymetry ( ± 1 m ) facilitate strike-slip faulting tsunami generation. We model tsunami crest to trough differences (total wave heights) of up to ∼ 0.9 m near the town Ólafsfjörður. In contrast, none of our scenarios endanger the town of Akureyri, which is shielded by multiple reflections within the narrow Eyjafjörður bay and by Hrísey island. We compare the modeled one-way linked tsunami waveforms with simulation results using a 3D fully coupled approach. We find good agreement in the tsunami arrival times and location of maximum tsunami heights. While seismic waves result in transient motions of the sea surface and affect the ocean response, ... Text Akureyri Akureyri Akureyri Húsavík Iceland Ólafsfjörður Flatey Hrísey Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Solid Earth 15 2 251 280 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
Tsunamigenic earthquakes pose considerable risks, both economically and socially, yet earthquake and tsunami hazard assessments are typically conducted separately. Earthquakes associated with unexpected tsunamis, such as the 2018 M w 7.5 strike-slip Sulawesi earthquake, emphasize the need to study the tsunami potential of active submarine faults in different tectonic settings. Here, we investigate physics-based scenarios combining simulations of 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and seismic wave propagation with tsunami generation and propagation. We present time-dependent modeling of one-way linked and 3D fully coupled earthquakes and tsunamis for the ∼ 100 km long Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone (HFFZ) in North Iceland. Our analysis shows that the HFFZ has the potential to generate sizable tsunamis. The six dynamic rupture models sourcing our tsunami scenarios vary regarding hypocenter location, spatiotemporal evolution, fault slip, and fault structure complexity but coincide with historical earthquake magnitudes. Earthquake dynamic rupture scenarios on a less segmented fault system, particularly with a hypocenter location in the eastern part of the fault system, have a larger potential for local tsunami generation. Here, dynamically evolving large shallow fault slip ( ∼ 8 m ), near-surface rake rotation ( ± 20 ∘ ), and significant coseismic vertical displacements of the local bathymetry ( ± 1 m ) facilitate strike-slip faulting tsunami generation. We model tsunami crest to trough differences (total wave heights) of up to ∼ 0.9 m near the town Ólafsfjörður. In contrast, none of our scenarios endanger the town of Akureyri, which is shielded by multiple reflections within the narrow Eyjafjörður bay and by Hrísey island. We compare the modeled one-way linked tsunami waveforms with simulation results using a 3D fully coupled approach. We find good agreement in the tsunami arrival times and location of maximum tsunami heights. While seismic waves result in transient motions of the sea surface and affect the ocean response, ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Kutschera, Fabian Gabriel, Alice-Agnes Wirp, Sara Aniko Li, Bo Ulrich, Thomas Abril, Claudia Halldórsson, Benedikt |
spellingShingle |
Kutschera, Fabian Gabriel, Alice-Agnes Wirp, Sara Aniko Li, Bo Ulrich, Thomas Abril, Claudia Halldórsson, Benedikt Linked and fully coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland |
author_facet |
Kutschera, Fabian Gabriel, Alice-Agnes Wirp, Sara Aniko Li, Bo Ulrich, Thomas Abril, Claudia Halldórsson, Benedikt |
author_sort |
Kutschera, Fabian |
title |
Linked and fully coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland |
title_short |
Linked and fully coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland |
title_full |
Linked and fully coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Linked and fully coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Linked and fully coupled 3D earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the Húsavík–Flatey Fault Zone in North Iceland |
title_sort |
linked and fully coupled 3d earthquake dynamic rupture and tsunami modeling for the húsavík–flatey fault zone in north iceland |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-251-2024 https://se.copernicus.org/articles/15/251/2024/ |
genre |
Akureyri Akureyri Akureyri Húsavík Iceland Ólafsfjörður Flatey Hrísey |
genre_facet |
Akureyri Akureyri Akureyri Húsavík Iceland Ólafsfjörður Flatey Hrísey |
op_source |
eISSN: 1869-9529 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/se-15-251-2024 https://se.copernicus.org/articles/15/251/2024/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-251-2024 |
container_title |
Solid Earth |
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15 |
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2 |
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251 |
op_container_end_page |
280 |
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1810462612192755712 |