Numerical modelling of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice in the Baltic Sea
In this paper, a numerical dynamic-thermo-dynamic sea-ice model for the Baltic Sea is used to analyze the variability of ice conditions in three winter seasons. The modelling results are validated with station (water temperature) and satellite data (ice concentration) as well as by qualitative compa...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:os8964 2023-05-15T18:17:44+02:00 Numerical modelling of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice in the Baltic Sea Herman, A. Jedrasik, J. Kowalewski, M. 2018-01-15 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-257-2011 https://os.copernicus.org/articles/7/257/2011/ eng eng doi:10.5194/os-7-257-2011 https://os.copernicus.org/articles/7/257/2011/ eISSN: 1812-0792 Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-257-2011 2020-07-20T16:26:09Z In this paper, a numerical dynamic-thermo-dynamic sea-ice model for the Baltic Sea is used to analyze the variability of ice conditions in three winter seasons. The modelling results are validated with station (water temperature) and satellite data (ice concentration) as well as by qualitative comparisons with the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute ice charts. Analysis of the results addresses two major questions. One concerns effects of meteorological forcing on the spatio-temporal distribution of ice concentration in the Baltic. Patterns of correlations between air temperature, wind speed, and ice-covered area are demonstrated to be different in larger, more open sub-basins (e.g., the Bothnian Sea) than in the smaller ones (e.g., the Bothnian Bay). Whereas the correlations with the air temperature are positive in both cases, the influence of wind is pronounced only in large basins, leading to increase/decrease of areas with small/large ice concentrations, respectively. The other question concerns the role of ice dynamics in the evolution of the ice cover. By means of simulations with the dynamic model turned on and off, the ice dynamics is shown to play a crucial role in interactions between the ice and the upper layers of the water column, especially during periods with highly varying wind speeds and directions. In particular, due to the fragmentation of the ice cover and the modified surface fluxes, the ice dynamics influences the rate of change of the total ice volume, in some cases by as much as 1 km 3 per day. As opposed to most other numerical studies on the sea-ice in the Baltic Sea, this work concentrates on the short-term variability of the ice cover and its response to the synoptic-scale forcing. Text Sea ice Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Ocean Science 7 2 257 276 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
In this paper, a numerical dynamic-thermo-dynamic sea-ice model for the Baltic Sea is used to analyze the variability of ice conditions in three winter seasons. The modelling results are validated with station (water temperature) and satellite data (ice concentration) as well as by qualitative comparisons with the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute ice charts. Analysis of the results addresses two major questions. One concerns effects of meteorological forcing on the spatio-temporal distribution of ice concentration in the Baltic. Patterns of correlations between air temperature, wind speed, and ice-covered area are demonstrated to be different in larger, more open sub-basins (e.g., the Bothnian Sea) than in the smaller ones (e.g., the Bothnian Bay). Whereas the correlations with the air temperature are positive in both cases, the influence of wind is pronounced only in large basins, leading to increase/decrease of areas with small/large ice concentrations, respectively. The other question concerns the role of ice dynamics in the evolution of the ice cover. By means of simulations with the dynamic model turned on and off, the ice dynamics is shown to play a crucial role in interactions between the ice and the upper layers of the water column, especially during periods with highly varying wind speeds and directions. In particular, due to the fragmentation of the ice cover and the modified surface fluxes, the ice dynamics influences the rate of change of the total ice volume, in some cases by as much as 1 km 3 per day. As opposed to most other numerical studies on the sea-ice in the Baltic Sea, this work concentrates on the short-term variability of the ice cover and its response to the synoptic-scale forcing. |
format |
Text |
author |
Herman, A. Jedrasik, J. Kowalewski, M. |
spellingShingle |
Herman, A. Jedrasik, J. Kowalewski, M. Numerical modelling of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice in the Baltic Sea |
author_facet |
Herman, A. Jedrasik, J. Kowalewski, M. |
author_sort |
Herman, A. |
title |
Numerical modelling of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice in the Baltic Sea |
title_short |
Numerical modelling of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice in the Baltic Sea |
title_full |
Numerical modelling of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice in the Baltic Sea |
title_fullStr |
Numerical modelling of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice in the Baltic Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Numerical modelling of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice in the Baltic Sea |
title_sort |
numerical modelling of thermodynamics and dynamics of sea ice in the baltic sea |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-257-2011 https://os.copernicus.org/articles/7/257/2011/ |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
eISSN: 1812-0792 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/os-7-257-2011 https://os.copernicus.org/articles/7/257/2011/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/os-7-257-2011 |
container_title |
Ocean Science |
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7 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
257 |
op_container_end_page |
276 |
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1766192745936846848 |