Ocean biogeochemistry in the Canadian Earth System Model version 5.0.3: CanESM5 and CanESM5-CanOE
The ocean biogeochemistry components of two new versions of the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) are presented and compared to observations and other models. CanESM5 employs the same ocean biology model as CanESM2, whereas CanESM5-CanOE (Canadian Ocean Ecosystem model) is a new, more complex mod...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:gmd97960 2023-05-15T18:25:55+02:00 Ocean biogeochemistry in the Canadian Earth System Model version 5.0.3: CanESM5 and CanESM5-CanOE Christian, James R. Denman, Kenneth L. Hayashida, Hakase Holdsworth, Amber M. Lee, Warren G. Riche, Olivier G. J. Shao, Andrew E. Steiner, Nadja Swart, Neil C. 2022-06-09 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4393-2022 https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/15/4393/2022/ eng eng doi:10.5194/gmd-15-4393-2022 https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/15/4393/2022/ eISSN: 1991-9603 Text 2022 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4393-2022 2022-06-13T16:22:44Z The ocean biogeochemistry components of two new versions of the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) are presented and compared to observations and other models. CanESM5 employs the same ocean biology model as CanESM2, whereas CanESM5-CanOE (Canadian Ocean Ecosystem model) is a new, more complex model developed for CMIP6, with multiple food chains, flexible phytoplankton elemental ratios, and a prognostic iron cycle. This new model is described in detail and the outputs (distributions of major tracers such as oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, and alkalinity, the iron and nitrogen cycles, plankton biomass, and historical trends in CO 2 uptake and export production) compared to CanESM5 and CanESM2, as well as to observations and other CMIP6 models. Both CanESM5 models show gains in skill relative to CanESM2, which are attributed primarily to improvements in ocean circulation. CanESM5-CanOE shows improved skill relative to CanESM5 for most major tracers at most depths. CanESM5-CanOE includes a prognostic iron cycle, and maintains high-nutrient/low-chlorophyll conditions in the expected regions (in CanESM2 and CanESM5, iron limitation is specified as a temporally static “mask”). Surface nitrate concentrations are biased low in the subarctic Pacific and equatorial Pacific, and high in the Southern Ocean, in both CanESM5 and CanESM5-CanOE. Export production in CanESM5-CanOE is among the lowest for CMIP6 models; in CanESM5, it is among the highest, but shows the most rapid decline after about 1980. CanESM5-CanOE shows some ability to simulate aspects of plankton community structure that a single-species model can not (e.g. seasonal dominance of large cells) but is biased towards low concentrations of zooplankton and detritus relative to phytoplankton. Cumulative ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide through 2014 is lower in both CanESM5-CanOE (122 PgC) and CanESM5 (132 PgC) than in observation-based estimates (145 PgC) or the model ensemble mean (144 PgC). Text Southern Ocean Subarctic Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Pacific Southern Ocean Geoscientific Model Development 15 11 4393 4424 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
The ocean biogeochemistry components of two new versions of the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) are presented and compared to observations and other models. CanESM5 employs the same ocean biology model as CanESM2, whereas CanESM5-CanOE (Canadian Ocean Ecosystem model) is a new, more complex model developed for CMIP6, with multiple food chains, flexible phytoplankton elemental ratios, and a prognostic iron cycle. This new model is described in detail and the outputs (distributions of major tracers such as oxygen, dissolved inorganic carbon, and alkalinity, the iron and nitrogen cycles, plankton biomass, and historical trends in CO 2 uptake and export production) compared to CanESM5 and CanESM2, as well as to observations and other CMIP6 models. Both CanESM5 models show gains in skill relative to CanESM2, which are attributed primarily to improvements in ocean circulation. CanESM5-CanOE shows improved skill relative to CanESM5 for most major tracers at most depths. CanESM5-CanOE includes a prognostic iron cycle, and maintains high-nutrient/low-chlorophyll conditions in the expected regions (in CanESM2 and CanESM5, iron limitation is specified as a temporally static “mask”). Surface nitrate concentrations are biased low in the subarctic Pacific and equatorial Pacific, and high in the Southern Ocean, in both CanESM5 and CanESM5-CanOE. Export production in CanESM5-CanOE is among the lowest for CMIP6 models; in CanESM5, it is among the highest, but shows the most rapid decline after about 1980. CanESM5-CanOE shows some ability to simulate aspects of plankton community structure that a single-species model can not (e.g. seasonal dominance of large cells) but is biased towards low concentrations of zooplankton and detritus relative to phytoplankton. Cumulative ocean uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide through 2014 is lower in both CanESM5-CanOE (122 PgC) and CanESM5 (132 PgC) than in observation-based estimates (145 PgC) or the model ensemble mean (144 PgC). |
format |
Text |
author |
Christian, James R. Denman, Kenneth L. Hayashida, Hakase Holdsworth, Amber M. Lee, Warren G. Riche, Olivier G. J. Shao, Andrew E. Steiner, Nadja Swart, Neil C. |
spellingShingle |
Christian, James R. Denman, Kenneth L. Hayashida, Hakase Holdsworth, Amber M. Lee, Warren G. Riche, Olivier G. J. Shao, Andrew E. Steiner, Nadja Swart, Neil C. Ocean biogeochemistry in the Canadian Earth System Model version 5.0.3: CanESM5 and CanESM5-CanOE |
author_facet |
Christian, James R. Denman, Kenneth L. Hayashida, Hakase Holdsworth, Amber M. Lee, Warren G. Riche, Olivier G. J. Shao, Andrew E. Steiner, Nadja Swart, Neil C. |
author_sort |
Christian, James R. |
title |
Ocean biogeochemistry in the Canadian Earth System Model version 5.0.3: CanESM5 and CanESM5-CanOE |
title_short |
Ocean biogeochemistry in the Canadian Earth System Model version 5.0.3: CanESM5 and CanESM5-CanOE |
title_full |
Ocean biogeochemistry in the Canadian Earth System Model version 5.0.3: CanESM5 and CanESM5-CanOE |
title_fullStr |
Ocean biogeochemistry in the Canadian Earth System Model version 5.0.3: CanESM5 and CanESM5-CanOE |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean biogeochemistry in the Canadian Earth System Model version 5.0.3: CanESM5 and CanESM5-CanOE |
title_sort |
ocean biogeochemistry in the canadian earth system model version 5.0.3: canesm5 and canesm5-canoe |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4393-2022 https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/15/4393/2022/ |
geographic |
Pacific Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Pacific Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean Subarctic |
op_source |
eISSN: 1991-9603 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/gmd-15-4393-2022 https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/15/4393/2022/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4393-2022 |
container_title |
Geoscientific Model Development |
container_volume |
15 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
4393 |
op_container_end_page |
4424 |
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1766207640745017344 |