High-resolution aerosol concentration data from the Greenland NorthGRIP and NEEM deep ice cores

• Published in: Earth System Science Data
• Main Authors: Erhardt, Tobias, Bigler, Matthias, Federer, Urs, Gfeller, Gideon, Leuenberger, Daiana, Stowasser, Olivia, Röthlisberger, Regine, Schüpbach, Simon, Ruth, Urs, Twarloh, Birthe, Wegner, Anna, Goto-Azuma, Kumiko, Kuramoto, Takayuki, Kjær, Helle A., Vallelonga, Paul T., Siggaard-Andersen, Marie-Louise, Hansson, Margareta E., Benton, Ailsa K., Fleet, Louise G., Mulvaney, Rob, Thomas, Elizabeth R., Abram, Nerilie, Stocker, Thomas F., Fischer, Hubertus
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: English
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Greenland; Greenland ice core; Greenland Ice core Project; ice core; NGRIP; North Greenland; North Greenland Ice Core Project
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1215-2022; https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/1215/2022/

Records of chemical impurities from ice cores enable us to reconstruct the past deposition of aerosols onto polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Through this they allow us to gain insight into changes of the source, transport and deposition processes that ultimately determine the deposition flux at the coring location. However, the low concentrations of the aerosol species in the ice and the resulting high risk of contamination pose a formidable analytical challenge, especially if long, continuous and highly resolved records are needed. Continuous flow analysis, CFA, the continuous melting, decontamination and analysis of ice-core samples has mostly overcome this issue and has quickly become the de facto standard to obtain high-resolution aerosol records from ice cores after its inception at the University of Bern in the mid-1990s. Here, we present continuous records of calcium ( Ca 2+ ), sodium ( Na + ), ammonium ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="f83a9f1907f38a5589c34b239e10518b"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-1215-2022-ie00001.svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" src="essd-14-1215-2022-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> ), nitrate ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="e16cba38499a6a16cb1a10e488ec56da"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="essd-14-1215-2022-ie00002.svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" src="essd-14-1215-2022-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> ) and electrolytic conductivity at 1 mm depth resolution from the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) and NEEM (North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling) ice cores produced by the Bern Continuous Flow Analysis group in the years 2000 to 2011 ( Erhardt et al. , 2021 ) . Both of the records were previously used in a number of studies but were never published in full 1 mm resolution. Alongside the 1 mm datasets we provide decadal averages, a detailed description of the methods, relevant references, an assessment of the quality of the data and its usable resolution. Along the way we will also give some historical context on the development of the Bern CFA system. The data is available in full 1 mm and 10-year-averaged resolution on PANGAEA ( https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.935838 , Erhardt et al. , 2021 )