A 15-year circum-Antarctic iceberg calving dataset derived from continuous satellite observations
Iceberg calving is the main process that facilitates the dynamic mass loss of ice sheets into the ocean, which accounts for approximately half of the mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet. Fine-scale calving variability observations can help reveal the calving mechanisms and identify the principal pr...
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2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021 https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/13/4583/2021/ |
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Iceberg calving is the main process that facilitates the dynamic mass loss of ice sheets into the ocean, which accounts for approximately half of the mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet. Fine-scale calving variability observations can help reveal the calving mechanisms and identify the principal processes that influence how the changing climate affects global sea level through the ice shelf buttressing effect on the Antarctic ice sheet. Iceberg calving from entire ice shelves for short time intervals or from specific ice shelves for long time intervals has been monitored before, but there is still a lack of consistent, long-term, and high-precision records on independent calving events for all of the Antarctic ice shelves. In this study, a 15-year annual iceberg calving product measuring every independent calving event larger than 1 km 2 over all of the Antarctic ice shelves that occurred from August 2005 to August 2020 was developed based on 16 years of continuous satellite observations. First, the expansion of the ice shelf frontal coastline was simulated according to ice velocity; following this, the calved areas, which are considered to be the differences between the simulated coastline, were manually delineated, and the actual coastline was derived from the corresponding satellite imagery, based on multisource optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The product provides detailed information on each calving event, including the associated year of occurrence, area, size, average thickness, mass, recurrence interval, and measurement uncertainties. A total of 1975 annual calving events larger than 1 km 2 were detected on the Antarctic ice shelves from August 2005 to August 2020. The average annual calved area was measured as 3549.1 km 2 with an uncertainty value of 14.3 km 2 , and the average calving rate was measured as 770.3 Gt yr −1 with an uncertainty value of 29.5 Gt yr −1 . The number of calving events, calved area, and calved mass fluctuated moderately during the first decade, followed by a dramatic increase from 2015/2016 to 2019/2020. During the dataset period, large ice shelves, such as the Ronne–Filchner and Ross ice shelves, advanced with low calving frequency, whereas small- and medium-sized ice shelves retreated and calved more frequently. Iceberg calving of ice shelves is most prevalent in West Antarctica, followed by the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilkes Land in East Antarctica. The annual iceberg calving event dataset of Antarctic ice shelves provides consistent and precise calving observations with the longest time coverage. The dataset provides multidimensional variables for each independent calving event that can be used to study detailed spatial–temporal variations in Antarctic iceberg calving. The dataset can also be used to study ice sheet mass balance, calving mechanisms, and responses of iceberg calving to climate change. The dataset, entitled “Annual iceberg calving dataset of the Antarctic ice shelves (2005–2020)”, is shared via the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center: https://doi.org/10.11888/Glacio.tpdc.271250 (Qi et al., 2021). In addition, the average annual calving rate of 18.4±6.7 Gt yr −1 for calving events smaller than 1 km 2 of the Antarctic ice shelves and the calving rate of 166.7±15.2 Gt yr −1 for the marine-terminating glaciers were estimated. |
format |
Text |
author |
Qi, Mengzhen Liu, Yan Liu, Jiping Cheng, Xiao Lin, Yijing Feng, Qiyang Shen, Qiang Yu, Zhitong |
spellingShingle |
Qi, Mengzhen Liu, Yan Liu, Jiping Cheng, Xiao Lin, Yijing Feng, Qiyang Shen, Qiang Yu, Zhitong A 15-year circum-Antarctic iceberg calving dataset derived from continuous satellite observations |
author_facet |
Qi, Mengzhen Liu, Yan Liu, Jiping Cheng, Xiao Lin, Yijing Feng, Qiyang Shen, Qiang Yu, Zhitong |
author_sort |
Qi, Mengzhen |
title |
A 15-year circum-Antarctic iceberg calving dataset derived from continuous satellite observations |
title_short |
A 15-year circum-Antarctic iceberg calving dataset derived from continuous satellite observations |
title_full |
A 15-year circum-Antarctic iceberg calving dataset derived from continuous satellite observations |
title_fullStr |
A 15-year circum-Antarctic iceberg calving dataset derived from continuous satellite observations |
title_full_unstemmed |
A 15-year circum-Antarctic iceberg calving dataset derived from continuous satellite observations |
title_sort |
15-year circum-antarctic iceberg calving dataset derived from continuous satellite observations |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021 https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/13/4583/2021/ |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(120.000,120.000,-69.000,-69.000) |
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Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula East Antarctica The Antarctic West Antarctica Wilkes Land |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula East Antarctica The Antarctic West Antarctica Wilkes Land |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica East Antarctica Ice Sheet Ice Shelf Ice Shelves Iceberg* West Antarctica Wilkes Land |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica East Antarctica Ice Sheet Ice Shelf Ice Shelves Iceberg* West Antarctica Wilkes Land |
op_source |
eISSN: 1866-3516 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021 https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/13/4583/2021/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021 |
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Earth System Science Data |
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13 |
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4583 |
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4601 |
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1766272463084191744 |
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:essd91018 2023-05-15T14:02:17+02:00 A 15-year circum-Antarctic iceberg calving dataset derived from continuous satellite observations Qi, Mengzhen Liu, Yan Liu, Jiping Cheng, Xiao Lin, Yijing Feng, Qiyang Shen, Qiang Yu, Zhitong 2021-09-24 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021 https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/13/4583/2021/ eng eng doi:10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021 https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/13/4583/2021/ eISSN: 1866-3516 Text 2021 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4583-2021 2021-09-27T16:22:26Z Iceberg calving is the main process that facilitates the dynamic mass loss of ice sheets into the ocean, which accounts for approximately half of the mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet. Fine-scale calving variability observations can help reveal the calving mechanisms and identify the principal processes that influence how the changing climate affects global sea level through the ice shelf buttressing effect on the Antarctic ice sheet. Iceberg calving from entire ice shelves for short time intervals or from specific ice shelves for long time intervals has been monitored before, but there is still a lack of consistent, long-term, and high-precision records on independent calving events for all of the Antarctic ice shelves. In this study, a 15-year annual iceberg calving product measuring every independent calving event larger than 1 km 2 over all of the Antarctic ice shelves that occurred from August 2005 to August 2020 was developed based on 16 years of continuous satellite observations. First, the expansion of the ice shelf frontal coastline was simulated according to ice velocity; following this, the calved areas, which are considered to be the differences between the simulated coastline, were manually delineated, and the actual coastline was derived from the corresponding satellite imagery, based on multisource optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The product provides detailed information on each calving event, including the associated year of occurrence, area, size, average thickness, mass, recurrence interval, and measurement uncertainties. A total of 1975 annual calving events larger than 1 km 2 were detected on the Antarctic ice shelves from August 2005 to August 2020. The average annual calved area was measured as 3549.1 km 2 with an uncertainty value of 14.3 km 2 , and the average calving rate was measured as 770.3 Gt yr −1 with an uncertainty value of 29.5 Gt yr −1 . The number of calving events, calved area, and calved mass fluctuated moderately during the first decade, followed by a dramatic increase from 2015/2016 to 2019/2020. During the dataset period, large ice shelves, such as the Ronne–Filchner and Ross ice shelves, advanced with low calving frequency, whereas small- and medium-sized ice shelves retreated and calved more frequently. Iceberg calving of ice shelves is most prevalent in West Antarctica, followed by the Antarctic Peninsula and Wilkes Land in East Antarctica. The annual iceberg calving event dataset of Antarctic ice shelves provides consistent and precise calving observations with the longest time coverage. The dataset provides multidimensional variables for each independent calving event that can be used to study detailed spatial–temporal variations in Antarctic iceberg calving. The dataset can also be used to study ice sheet mass balance, calving mechanisms, and responses of iceberg calving to climate change. The dataset, entitled “Annual iceberg calving dataset of the Antarctic ice shelves (2005–2020)”, is shared via the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center: https://doi.org/10.11888/Glacio.tpdc.271250 (Qi et al., 2021). In addition, the average annual calving rate of 18.4±6.7 Gt yr −1 for calving events smaller than 1 km 2 of the Antarctic ice shelves and the calving rate of 166.7±15.2 Gt yr −1 for the marine-terminating glaciers were estimated. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Antarctica East Antarctica Ice Sheet Ice Shelf Ice Shelves Iceberg* West Antarctica Wilkes Land Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula East Antarctica The Antarctic West Antarctica Wilkes Land ENVELOPE(120.000,120.000,-69.000,-69.000) Earth System Science Data 13 9 4583 4601 |