Dating of the GV7 East Antarctic ice core by high-resolution chemical records and focus on the accumulation rate variability in the last millennium

• Published in: Climate of the Past
• Main Authors: Nardin, Raffaello, Severi, Mirko, Amore, Alessandra, Becagli, Silvia, Burgay, Francois, Caiazzo, Laura, Ciardini, Virginia, Dreossi, Giuliano, Frezzotti, Massimo, Hong, Sang-Bum, Khan, Ishaq, Narcisi, Bianca Maria, Proposito, Marco, Scarchilli, Claudio, Selmo, Enricomaria, Spolaor, Andrea, Stenni, Barbara, Traversi, Rita
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 2021
• Subjects: Antarctic; East Antarctica; Oates Land; Antarc*; Antarctica; ice core
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-2073-2021; https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/17/2073/2021/

Ice core dating is the first step for a correct interpretation of climatic and environmental changes. In this work, we release the dating of the uppermost 197 m of the 250 m deep GV7(B) ice core (drill site, 70 ∘ 41 ′ S, 158 ∘ 52 ′ E; 1950 m a.s.l. in Oates Land, East Antarctica) with a sub-annual resolution. Chemical records of NO <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8c72af1edd6d67ed562efcaf5163d22b"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-17-2073-2021-ie00001.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="cp-17-2073-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> , MSA (methanesulfonic acid), non-sea-salt SO <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="4a53e7d1f00f4334c934356877052515"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-17-2073-2021-ie00002.svg" width="13pt" height="17pt" src="cp-17-2073-2021-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> (nss <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">SO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="70c2dca1cdebf0791ac6d03f5c421763"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-17-2073-2021-ie00003.svg" width="29pt" height="17pt" src="cp-17-2073-2021-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg> ), sea-salt ions and water stable isotopes ( δ 18 O) were studied as candidates for dating due to their seasonal pattern. Different procedures were tested but the nss <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">SO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="06a1e144313624090049b6627390d3e8"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-17-2073-2021-ie00004.svg" width="29pt" height="17pt" src="cp-17-2073-2021-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg> record proved to be the most reliable on the short- and long-term scales, so it was chosen for annual layer counting along the whole ice core. The dating was constrained by using volcanic signatures from historically known events as tie points, thus providing an accurate age–depth relationship for the period 1179–2009 CE. The achievement of the complete age scale allowed us to calculate the annual mean accumulation rate throughout the analyzed 197 m of the core, yielding an annually resolved history of the snow accumulation on site in the last millennium. A small yet consistent rise in accumulation rate (Tr = 1.6, p < 0.001 ) was found for the last 830 years starting around mid-18th century.