A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP)
We present a climatology of the near-sea-surface temperature (NSST) anomaly and the sea-ice extent during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23 000–19 000 years before present) mapped on a global regular <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline...
Published in: | Climate of the Past |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2021
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-805-2021 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/17/805/2021/ |
id |
ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:cp82476 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:cp82476 2023-05-15T18:18:17+02:00 A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP) Paul, André Mulitza, Stefan Stein, Rüdiger Werner, Martin 2021-04-08 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-805-2021 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/17/805/2021/ eng eng doi:10.5194/cp-17-805-2021 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/17/805/2021/ eISSN: 1814-9332 Text 2021 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-805-2021 2021-04-12T16:22:14Z We present a climatology of the near-sea-surface temperature (NSST) anomaly and the sea-ice extent during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23 000–19 000 years before present) mapped on a global regular <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><msup><mi/><mo>∘</mo></msup><mo>×</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><msup><mi/><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="34pt" height="11pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="18e249d247dd6d35235fb683ecd82671"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-17-805-2021-ie00001.svg" width="34pt" height="11pt" src="cp-17-805-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> grid. It is an extension of the Glacial Atlantic Ocean Mapping (GLAMAP) reconstruction of the Atlantic NSST based on the faunal and floral assemblage data of the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface (MARGO) project and several recent estimates of the LGM sea-ice extent. Such a gridded climatology is highly useful for the visualization of the LGM climate, calculation of global and regional NSST averages, and estimation of the equilibrium climate sensitivity, as well as a boundary condition for atmospheric general circulation models. The gridding of the sparse NSST reconstruction was done in an optimal way using the Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) software, which takes into account the uncertainty in the reconstruction and includes the calculation of an error field. The resulting Glacial Ocean Map (GLOMAP) confirms the previous findings by the MARGO project regarding longitudinal and meridional NSST differences that were greater than today in all oceans. Taken at face value, the estimated global and tropical cooling would imply an equilibrium climate sensitivity at the lower end of the currently accepted range. However, because of anticipated changes in the seasonality and thermal structure of the upper ocean during the LGM as well as uneven spatial sampling, the estimated cooling and implied climate sensitivity are likely to be biased towards lower values. Text Sea ice Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Climate of the Past 17 2 805 824 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
We present a climatology of the near-sea-surface temperature (NSST) anomaly and the sea-ice extent during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 23 000–19 000 years before present) mapped on a global regular <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><msup><mi/><mo>∘</mo></msup><mo>×</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><msup><mi/><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="34pt" height="11pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="18e249d247dd6d35235fb683ecd82671"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="cp-17-805-2021-ie00001.svg" width="34pt" height="11pt" src="cp-17-805-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> grid. It is an extension of the Glacial Atlantic Ocean Mapping (GLAMAP) reconstruction of the Atlantic NSST based on the faunal and floral assemblage data of the Multiproxy Approach for the Reconstruction of the Glacial Ocean Surface (MARGO) project and several recent estimates of the LGM sea-ice extent. Such a gridded climatology is highly useful for the visualization of the LGM climate, calculation of global and regional NSST averages, and estimation of the equilibrium climate sensitivity, as well as a boundary condition for atmospheric general circulation models. The gridding of the sparse NSST reconstruction was done in an optimal way using the Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis (DIVA) software, which takes into account the uncertainty in the reconstruction and includes the calculation of an error field. The resulting Glacial Ocean Map (GLOMAP) confirms the previous findings by the MARGO project regarding longitudinal and meridional NSST differences that were greater than today in all oceans. Taken at face value, the estimated global and tropical cooling would imply an equilibrium climate sensitivity at the lower end of the currently accepted range. However, because of anticipated changes in the seasonality and thermal structure of the upper ocean during the LGM as well as uneven spatial sampling, the estimated cooling and implied climate sensitivity are likely to be biased towards lower values. |
format |
Text |
author |
Paul, André Mulitza, Stefan Stein, Rüdiger Werner, Martin |
spellingShingle |
Paul, André Mulitza, Stefan Stein, Rüdiger Werner, Martin A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP) |
author_facet |
Paul, André Mulitza, Stefan Stein, Rüdiger Werner, Martin |
author_sort |
Paul, André |
title |
A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP) |
title_short |
A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP) |
title_full |
A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP) |
title_fullStr |
A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP) |
title_full_unstemmed |
A global climatology of the ocean surface during the Last Glacial Maximum mapped on a regular grid (GLOMAP) |
title_sort |
global climatology of the ocean surface during the last glacial maximum mapped on a regular grid (glomap) |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-805-2021 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/17/805/2021/ |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
eISSN: 1814-9332 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/cp-17-805-2021 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/17/805/2021/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-805-2021 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
805 |
op_container_end_page |
824 |
_version_ |
1766194814037000192 |