The effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial AMOC in a coupled climate model
Simulations with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) are used to study the sensitivity of the AMOC and the deep-ocean water masses during the Last Glacial Maximum to different sets of forcings. Analysing the individual contributions of the glacial forcings reveals that the ice shee...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:cp50769 2023-05-15T13:54:27+02:00 The effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial AMOC in a coupled climate model Klockmann, Marlene Mikolajewicz, Uwe Marotzke, Jochem 2018-09-27 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1829-2016 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/12/1829/2016/ eng eng doi:10.5194/cp-12-1829-2016 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/12/1829/2016/ eISSN: 1814-9332 Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1829-2016 2020-07-20T16:24:01Z Simulations with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) are used to study the sensitivity of the AMOC and the deep-ocean water masses during the Last Glacial Maximum to different sets of forcings. Analysing the individual contributions of the glacial forcings reveals that the ice sheets cause an increase in the overturning strength and a deepening of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) cell, while the low greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations cause a decrease in overturning strength and a shoaling of the NADW cell. The effect of the orbital configuration is negligible. The effects of the ice sheets and the GHG reduction balance each other in the deep ocean so that no shoaling of the NADW cell is simulated in the full glacial state. Experiments in which different GHG concentrations with linearly decreasing radiative forcing are applied to a setup with glacial ice sheets and orbital configuration show that GHG concentrations below the glacial level are necessary to cause a shoaling of the NADW cell with respect to the pre-industrial state in MPI-ESM. For a p CO 2 of 149 ppm, the simulated overturning state and the deep-ocean water masses are in best agreement with the glacial state inferred from proxy data. Sensitivity studies confirm that brine release and shelf convection in the Southern Ocean are key processes for the shoaling of the NADW cell. Shoaling occurs only when Southern Ocean shelf water contributes significantly to the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. Text Antarc* Antarctic NADW North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic Southern Ocean Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Antarctic Southern Ocean Climate of the Past 12 9 1829 1846 |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
Simulations with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) are used to study the sensitivity of the AMOC and the deep-ocean water masses during the Last Glacial Maximum to different sets of forcings. Analysing the individual contributions of the glacial forcings reveals that the ice sheets cause an increase in the overturning strength and a deepening of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) cell, while the low greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations cause a decrease in overturning strength and a shoaling of the NADW cell. The effect of the orbital configuration is negligible. The effects of the ice sheets and the GHG reduction balance each other in the deep ocean so that no shoaling of the NADW cell is simulated in the full glacial state. Experiments in which different GHG concentrations with linearly decreasing radiative forcing are applied to a setup with glacial ice sheets and orbital configuration show that GHG concentrations below the glacial level are necessary to cause a shoaling of the NADW cell with respect to the pre-industrial state in MPI-ESM. For a p CO 2 of 149 ppm, the simulated overturning state and the deep-ocean water masses are in best agreement with the glacial state inferred from proxy data. Sensitivity studies confirm that brine release and shelf convection in the Southern Ocean are key processes for the shoaling of the NADW cell. Shoaling occurs only when Southern Ocean shelf water contributes significantly to the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. |
format |
Text |
author |
Klockmann, Marlene Mikolajewicz, Uwe Marotzke, Jochem |
spellingShingle |
Klockmann, Marlene Mikolajewicz, Uwe Marotzke, Jochem The effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial AMOC in a coupled climate model |
author_facet |
Klockmann, Marlene Mikolajewicz, Uwe Marotzke, Jochem |
author_sort |
Klockmann, Marlene |
title |
The effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial AMOC in a coupled climate model |
title_short |
The effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial AMOC in a coupled climate model |
title_full |
The effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial AMOC in a coupled climate model |
title_fullStr |
The effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial AMOC in a coupled climate model |
title_full_unstemmed |
The effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial AMOC in a coupled climate model |
title_sort |
effect of greenhouse gas concentrations and ice sheets on the glacial amoc in a coupled climate model |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1829-2016 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/12/1829/2016/ |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic NADW North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic NADW North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic Southern Ocean |
op_source |
eISSN: 1814-9332 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/cp-12-1829-2016 https://cp.copernicus.org/articles/12/1829/2016/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1829-2016 |
container_title |
Climate of the Past |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
1829 |
op_container_end_page |
1846 |
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1766260334619787264 |