Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments
The carbon cycle in Arctic–boreal regions (ABRs) is an important component of the planetary carbon balance, with growing concerns about the consequences of ABR warming for the global climate system. The greatest uncertainty in annual carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) budgets exists during winter, primarily du...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:bg111889 2024-09-15T18:39:41+00:00 Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments Mavrovic, Alex Sonnentag, Oliver Lemmetyinen, Juha Voigt, Carolina Rutter, Nick Mann, Paul Sylvain, Jean-Daniel Roy, Alexandre 2023-12-20 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023 https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/20/5087/2023/ eng eng doi:10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023 https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/20/5087/2023/ eISSN: 1726-4189 Text 2023 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023 2024-08-28T05:24:15Z The carbon cycle in Arctic–boreal regions (ABRs) is an important component of the planetary carbon balance, with growing concerns about the consequences of ABR warming for the global climate system. The greatest uncertainty in annual carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) budgets exists during winter, primarily due to challenges with data availability and limited spatial coverage in measurements. The goal of this study was to determine the main environmental controls of winter CO 2 fluxes in ABRs over a latitudinal gradient (45 ∘ to 69 ∘ N) featuring four different ecosystem types: closed-crown coniferous boreal forest, open-crown coniferous boreal forest, erect-shrub tundra, and prostrate-shrub tundra. CO 2 fluxes calculated using a snowpack diffusion gradient method ( n =560 ) ranged from 0 to 1.05 g C m 2 d −1 . To assess the dominant environmental controls governing CO 2 fluxes, a random forest machine learning approach was used. We identified soil temperature as the main control of winter CO 2 fluxes with 68 % of relative model importance, except when soil liquid water occurred during 0 ∘ C curtain conditions (i.e., T soil ≈0 ∘ C and liquid water coexist with ice in soil pores). Under zero-curtain conditions, liquid water content became the main control of CO 2 fluxes with 87 % of relative model importance. We observed exponential regressions between CO 2 fluxes and soil temperature in fully frozen soils ( RMSE=0.024 g C m - 2 d - 1 <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="56pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="846265b129470ed2a785e3fc2495bc89"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-20-5087-2023-ie00001.svg" width="56pt" height="15pt" src="bg-20-5087-2023-ie00001.png"/> </svg:svg> 70.3 % of mean F CO 2 <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="e6fbe75052c27002d7e521aeffa5e738"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ... Text Tundra Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Biogeosciences 20 24 5087 5108 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
The carbon cycle in Arctic–boreal regions (ABRs) is an important component of the planetary carbon balance, with growing concerns about the consequences of ABR warming for the global climate system. The greatest uncertainty in annual carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) budgets exists during winter, primarily due to challenges with data availability and limited spatial coverage in measurements. The goal of this study was to determine the main environmental controls of winter CO 2 fluxes in ABRs over a latitudinal gradient (45 ∘ to 69 ∘ N) featuring four different ecosystem types: closed-crown coniferous boreal forest, open-crown coniferous boreal forest, erect-shrub tundra, and prostrate-shrub tundra. CO 2 fluxes calculated using a snowpack diffusion gradient method ( n =560 ) ranged from 0 to 1.05 g C m 2 d −1 . To assess the dominant environmental controls governing CO 2 fluxes, a random forest machine learning approach was used. We identified soil temperature as the main control of winter CO 2 fluxes with 68 % of relative model importance, except when soil liquid water occurred during 0 ∘ C curtain conditions (i.e., T soil ≈0 ∘ C and liquid water coexist with ice in soil pores). Under zero-curtain conditions, liquid water content became the main control of CO 2 fluxes with 87 % of relative model importance. We observed exponential regressions between CO 2 fluxes and soil temperature in fully frozen soils ( RMSE=0.024 g C m - 2 d - 1 <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="56pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="846265b129470ed2a785e3fc2495bc89"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-20-5087-2023-ie00001.svg" width="56pt" height="15pt" src="bg-20-5087-2023-ie00001.png"/> </svg:svg> 70.3 % of mean F CO 2 <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="23pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="e6fbe75052c27002d7e521aeffa5e738"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Mavrovic, Alex Sonnentag, Oliver Lemmetyinen, Juha Voigt, Carolina Rutter, Nick Mann, Paul Sylvain, Jean-Daniel Roy, Alexandre |
spellingShingle |
Mavrovic, Alex Sonnentag, Oliver Lemmetyinen, Juha Voigt, Carolina Rutter, Nick Mann, Paul Sylvain, Jean-Daniel Roy, Alexandre Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments |
author_facet |
Mavrovic, Alex Sonnentag, Oliver Lemmetyinen, Juha Voigt, Carolina Rutter, Nick Mann, Paul Sylvain, Jean-Daniel Roy, Alexandre |
author_sort |
Mavrovic, Alex |
title |
Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments |
title_short |
Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments |
title_full |
Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments |
title_fullStr |
Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments |
title_sort |
environmental controls of winter soil carbon dioxide fluxes in boreal and tundra environments |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023 https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/20/5087/2023/ |
genre |
Tundra |
genre_facet |
Tundra |
op_source |
eISSN: 1726-4189 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023 https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/20/5087/2023/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5087-2023 |
container_title |
Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
20 |
container_issue |
24 |
container_start_page |
5087 |
op_container_end_page |
5108 |
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1810484043291033600 |