Substorms and polar cap convection: the 10 January 2004 interplanetary CME case
The expansion-contraction model of Dungey cell plasma convection has two different convection sources, i.e. reconnections at the magnetopause and in the magnetotail. The spatial-temporal structure of the nightside source is not yet well understood. In this study we shall identify temporal variations...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:angeo13160 2023-05-15T18:29:53+02:00 Substorms and polar cap convection: the 10 January 2004 interplanetary CME case Andalsvik, Y. Sandholt, P. E. Farrugia, C. J. 2018-09-27 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-67-2012 https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/30/67/2012/ eng eng doi:10.5194/angeo-30-67-2012 https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/30/67/2012/ eISSN: 1432-0576 Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-67-2012 2020-07-20T16:25:55Z The expansion-contraction model of Dungey cell plasma convection has two different convection sources, i.e. reconnections at the magnetopause and in the magnetotail. The spatial-temporal structure of the nightside source is not yet well understood. In this study we shall identify temporal variations in the winter polar cap convection structure during substorm activity under steady interplanetary conditions. Substorm activity (electrojets and particle precipitations) is monitored by excellent ground-satellite DMSP F15 conjunctions in the dusk-premidnight sector. We take advantage of the wide latitudinal coverage of the IMAGE chain of ground magnetometers in Svalbard – Scandinavia – Russia for the purpose of monitoring magnetic deflections associated with polar cap convection and substorm electrojets. These are augmented by direct observations of polar cap convection derived from SuperDARN radars and cross-track ion drift observations during traversals of polar cap along the dusk-dawn meridian by spacecraft DMSP F13. The interval we study is characterized by moderate, stable forcing of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system ( E KL = 4.0–4.5 mV m −1 cross polar cap potential (CPCP), Φ (Boyle) = 115 kV) during Earth passage of an interplanetary CME (ICME), choosing an 4-h interval where the magnetic field pointed continuously south-west ( B z < 0; B y < 0). The combination of continuous monitoring of ground magnetic deflections and the F13 cross-track ion drift observations in the polar cap allows us to infer the temporal CPCP structure on time scales less than the ~10 min duration of F13 polar cap transits. We arrived at the following estimates of the dayside and nightside contributions to the CPCP (CPCP = CPCP/day + CPCP/night) under two intervals of substorm activity: CPCP/day ~110 kV; CPCP/night ~50 kV (45% CPCP increase during substorms). The temporal CPCP structure during one of the substorm cases resulted in a dawn-dusk convection asymmetry measured by DMSP F13 which is opposite to that expected from the prevailing negative B y polarity of the ICME magnetic field, a clear indication of a nightside source. Text Svalbard Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Svalbard Annales Geophysicae 30 1 67 80 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
The expansion-contraction model of Dungey cell plasma convection has two different convection sources, i.e. reconnections at the magnetopause and in the magnetotail. The spatial-temporal structure of the nightside source is not yet well understood. In this study we shall identify temporal variations in the winter polar cap convection structure during substorm activity under steady interplanetary conditions. Substorm activity (electrojets and particle precipitations) is monitored by excellent ground-satellite DMSP F15 conjunctions in the dusk-premidnight sector. We take advantage of the wide latitudinal coverage of the IMAGE chain of ground magnetometers in Svalbard – Scandinavia – Russia for the purpose of monitoring magnetic deflections associated with polar cap convection and substorm electrojets. These are augmented by direct observations of polar cap convection derived from SuperDARN radars and cross-track ion drift observations during traversals of polar cap along the dusk-dawn meridian by spacecraft DMSP F13. The interval we study is characterized by moderate, stable forcing of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system ( E KL = 4.0–4.5 mV m −1 cross polar cap potential (CPCP), Φ (Boyle) = 115 kV) during Earth passage of an interplanetary CME (ICME), choosing an 4-h interval where the magnetic field pointed continuously south-west ( B z < 0; B y < 0). The combination of continuous monitoring of ground magnetic deflections and the F13 cross-track ion drift observations in the polar cap allows us to infer the temporal CPCP structure on time scales less than the ~10 min duration of F13 polar cap transits. We arrived at the following estimates of the dayside and nightside contributions to the CPCP (CPCP = CPCP/day + CPCP/night) under two intervals of substorm activity: CPCP/day ~110 kV; CPCP/night ~50 kV (45% CPCP increase during substorms). The temporal CPCP structure during one of the substorm cases resulted in a dawn-dusk convection asymmetry measured by DMSP F13 which is opposite to that expected from the prevailing negative B y polarity of the ICME magnetic field, a clear indication of a nightside source. |
format |
Text |
author |
Andalsvik, Y. Sandholt, P. E. Farrugia, C. J. |
spellingShingle |
Andalsvik, Y. Sandholt, P. E. Farrugia, C. J. Substorms and polar cap convection: the 10 January 2004 interplanetary CME case |
author_facet |
Andalsvik, Y. Sandholt, P. E. Farrugia, C. J. |
author_sort |
Andalsvik, Y. |
title |
Substorms and polar cap convection: the 10 January 2004 interplanetary CME case |
title_short |
Substorms and polar cap convection: the 10 January 2004 interplanetary CME case |
title_full |
Substorms and polar cap convection: the 10 January 2004 interplanetary CME case |
title_fullStr |
Substorms and polar cap convection: the 10 January 2004 interplanetary CME case |
title_full_unstemmed |
Substorms and polar cap convection: the 10 January 2004 interplanetary CME case |
title_sort |
substorms and polar cap convection: the 10 january 2004 interplanetary cme case |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-67-2012 https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/30/67/2012/ |
geographic |
Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Svalbard |
genre |
Svalbard |
genre_facet |
Svalbard |
op_source |
eISSN: 1432-0576 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/angeo-30-67-2012 https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/30/67/2012/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-30-67-2012 |
container_title |
Annales Geophysicae |
container_volume |
30 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
67 |
op_container_end_page |
80 |
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1766213303875403776 |