Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere
The Ku-band microwave frequencies (10.70–14.25 GHz) overlap emissions from ozone ( O 3 ) at 11.072 GHz and hydroxyl radical (OH) at 13.441 GHz. These important chemical species in the polar middle atmosphere respond strongly to high-latitude geomagnetic activity associated with space weather. Atmosp...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:amt71903 2023-05-15T13:55:28+02:00 Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere Newnham, David A. Clilverd, Mark A. Kosch, Michael Seppälä, Annika Verronen, Pekka T. 2019-03-01 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/12/1375/2019/ eng eng doi:10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/12/1375/2019/ eISSN: 1867-8548 Text 2019 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 2020-07-20T16:22:55Z The Ku-band microwave frequencies (10.70–14.25 GHz) overlap emissions from ozone ( O 3 ) at 11.072 GHz and hydroxyl radical (OH) at 13.441 GHz. These important chemical species in the polar middle atmosphere respond strongly to high-latitude geomagnetic activity associated with space weather. Atmospheric model calculations predict that energetic electron precipitation (EEP) driven by magnetospheric substorms produces large changes in polar mesospheric O 3 and OH. The EEP typically peaks at geomagnetic latitudes of ∼65 ∘ and evolves rapidly with time longitudinally and over the geomagnetic latitude range 60–80 ∘ . Previous atmospheric modelling studies have shown that during substorms OH abundance can increase by more than an order of magnitude at 64–84 km and mesospheric O 3 losses can exceed 50 %. In this work, an atmospheric simulation and retrieval study has been performed to determine the requirements for passive microwave radiometers capable of measuring diurnal variations in O 3 and OH profiles from high-latitude Northern Hemisphere and Antarctic locations to verify model predictions. We show that, for a 11.072 GHz radiometer making 6 h spectral measurements with 10 kHz frequency resolution and root-mean-square baseline noise of 1 mK, O 3 could be profiled over <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">8</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="6795c8d189f4e715bc85b29c13e85307"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00001.svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" src="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> –0.22 hPa ( ∼98 –58 km) with 10–17 km height resolution and ∼1 ppmv uncertainty. For the equivalent 13.441 GHz measurements with vertical sensor polarisation, OH could be profiled over <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="b2936b2136c0b6ded9a213ef1277680c"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00002.svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" src="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> –0.29 hPa ( ∼90 –56 km) with 10–17 km height resolution and ∼3 ppbv uncertainty. The proposed observations would be highly applicable to studies of EEP, atmospheric dynamics, planetary-scale circulation, chemical transport, and the representation of these processes in polar and global climate models. Such observations would provide a relatively low-cost alternative to increasingly sparse satellite measurements of the polar middle atmosphere, extending long-term data records and also providing “ground truth” calibration data. Text Antarc* Antarctic Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Antarctic Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12 2 1375 1392 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
The Ku-band microwave frequencies (10.70–14.25 GHz) overlap emissions from ozone ( O 3 ) at 11.072 GHz and hydroxyl radical (OH) at 13.441 GHz. These important chemical species in the polar middle atmosphere respond strongly to high-latitude geomagnetic activity associated with space weather. Atmospheric model calculations predict that energetic electron precipitation (EEP) driven by magnetospheric substorms produces large changes in polar mesospheric O 3 and OH. The EEP typically peaks at geomagnetic latitudes of ∼65 ∘ and evolves rapidly with time longitudinally and over the geomagnetic latitude range 60–80 ∘ . Previous atmospheric modelling studies have shown that during substorms OH abundance can increase by more than an order of magnitude at 64–84 km and mesospheric O 3 losses can exceed 50 %. In this work, an atmospheric simulation and retrieval study has been performed to determine the requirements for passive microwave radiometers capable of measuring diurnal variations in O 3 and OH profiles from high-latitude Northern Hemisphere and Antarctic locations to verify model predictions. We show that, for a 11.072 GHz radiometer making 6 h spectral measurements with 10 kHz frequency resolution and root-mean-square baseline noise of 1 mK, O 3 could be profiled over <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">8</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="6795c8d189f4e715bc85b29c13e85307"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00001.svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" src="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> –0.22 hPa ( ∼98 –58 km) with 10–17 km height resolution and ∼1 ppmv uncertainty. For the equivalent 13.441 GHz measurements with vertical sensor polarisation, OH could be profiled over <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mrow><mo>-</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="b2936b2136c0b6ded9a213ef1277680c"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00002.svg" width="42pt" height="14pt" src="amt-12-1375-2019-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> –0.29 hPa ( ∼90 –56 km) with 10–17 km height resolution and ∼3 ppbv uncertainty. The proposed observations would be highly applicable to studies of EEP, atmospheric dynamics, planetary-scale circulation, chemical transport, and the representation of these processes in polar and global climate models. Such observations would provide a relatively low-cost alternative to increasingly sparse satellite measurements of the polar middle atmosphere, extending long-term data records and also providing “ground truth” calibration data. |
format |
Text |
author |
Newnham, David A. Clilverd, Mark A. Kosch, Michael Seppälä, Annika Verronen, Pekka T. |
spellingShingle |
Newnham, David A. Clilverd, Mark A. Kosch, Michael Seppälä, Annika Verronen, Pekka T. Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
author_facet |
Newnham, David A. Clilverd, Mark A. Kosch, Michael Seppälä, Annika Verronen, Pekka T. |
author_sort |
Newnham, David A. |
title |
Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
title_short |
Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
title_full |
Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
title_fullStr |
Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
title_full_unstemmed |
Simulation study for ground-based Ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
title_sort |
simulation study for ground-based ku-band microwave observations of ozone and hydroxyl in the polar middle atmosphere |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/12/1375/2019/ |
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Antarctic |
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Antarctic |
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Antarc* Antarctic |
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Antarc* Antarctic |
op_source |
eISSN: 1867-8548 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/12/1375/2019/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1375-2019 |
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Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
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