Wind comparisons between meteor radar and Doppler shifts in airglow emissions using field-widened Michelson interferometers
Upper-atmosphere winds from a meteor radar and a field-widened Michelson interferometer, co-located at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory in Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (80° N, 86° W) are compared. The two instruments implement different wind-measuring techniques at similar heights an...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:amt115386 2024-09-15T18:05:14+00:00 Wind comparisons between meteor radar and Doppler shifts in airglow emissions using field-widened Michelson interferometers Kristoffersen, Samuel K. Ward, William E. Meek, Chris E. 2024-07-05 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3995-2024 https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/17/3995/2024/ eng eng doi:10.5194/amt-17-3995-2024 https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/17/3995/2024/ eISSN: 1867-8548 Text 2024 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3995-2024 2024-08-28T05:24:22Z Upper-atmosphere winds from a meteor radar and a field-widened Michelson interferometer, co-located at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory in Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (80° N, 86° W) are compared. The two instruments implement different wind-measuring techniques at similar heights and have very different temporal and spatial observational footprints. The meteor radar provides winds averaged over a ∼ 300 km horizontal area in 3 km vertical bins between 82 and 97 km on a 1 h cadence. The E-Region Wind Interferometer II (ERWIN) provides airglow-weighted winds (averaged over volumes of ∼ 8 km in height by ∼ 5 km radius) from three nightglow emissions ( O( 1 S) , oxygen green line, 557.7 nm , 97 km an O 2 line, 866 nm , 94 km and an OH line, 843 nm , 87 km ) on a ∼ 5 min cadence. ERWIN's higher precision (1–2 m s −1 for the O( 1 S) and OH emissions and ∼ 4 m s −1 for the O 2 emissions) and higher cadence allows more substantive comparisons between winds measured by meteor radar and Doppler shifts in airglow emissions than previously possible for similar meteor radar/airglow Doppler shift comparisons using Fabry–Perot interferometers. The best correlation is achieved using Gaussian weighting of meteor radar winds with peak height and vertical width being optimally determined. Peak heights agree well with co-located SABER airglow observations. Offsets between the two instruments are ∼ 1–2 m s −1 for the O 2 and O( 1 S) emissions and less than 0.3 m s −1 for the OH emission. Wind directions are highly correlated with a ∼ 1:1 correspondence. On average, meteor radar wind magnitudes are ∼ 40 % larger than those from ERWIN. Gravity wave airglow brightness weighting of observations is discussed. Non-quadrature phase offsets between the airglow weighting and gravity wave associated wind and temperature perturbations will result in enhanced or reduced layer-weighted wind amplitudes. Text Eureka Nunavut Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 17 13 3995 4014 |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
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English |
description |
Upper-atmosphere winds from a meteor radar and a field-widened Michelson interferometer, co-located at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory in Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (80° N, 86° W) are compared. The two instruments implement different wind-measuring techniques at similar heights and have very different temporal and spatial observational footprints. The meteor radar provides winds averaged over a ∼ 300 km horizontal area in 3 km vertical bins between 82 and 97 km on a 1 h cadence. The E-Region Wind Interferometer II (ERWIN) provides airglow-weighted winds (averaged over volumes of ∼ 8 km in height by ∼ 5 km radius) from three nightglow emissions ( O( 1 S) , oxygen green line, 557.7 nm , 97 km an O 2 line, 866 nm , 94 km and an OH line, 843 nm , 87 km ) on a ∼ 5 min cadence. ERWIN's higher precision (1–2 m s −1 for the O( 1 S) and OH emissions and ∼ 4 m s −1 for the O 2 emissions) and higher cadence allows more substantive comparisons between winds measured by meteor radar and Doppler shifts in airglow emissions than previously possible for similar meteor radar/airglow Doppler shift comparisons using Fabry–Perot interferometers. The best correlation is achieved using Gaussian weighting of meteor radar winds with peak height and vertical width being optimally determined. Peak heights agree well with co-located SABER airglow observations. Offsets between the two instruments are ∼ 1–2 m s −1 for the O 2 and O( 1 S) emissions and less than 0.3 m s −1 for the OH emission. Wind directions are highly correlated with a ∼ 1:1 correspondence. On average, meteor radar wind magnitudes are ∼ 40 % larger than those from ERWIN. Gravity wave airglow brightness weighting of observations is discussed. Non-quadrature phase offsets between the airglow weighting and gravity wave associated wind and temperature perturbations will result in enhanced or reduced layer-weighted wind amplitudes. |
format |
Text |
author |
Kristoffersen, Samuel K. Ward, William E. Meek, Chris E. |
spellingShingle |
Kristoffersen, Samuel K. Ward, William E. Meek, Chris E. Wind comparisons between meteor radar and Doppler shifts in airglow emissions using field-widened Michelson interferometers |
author_facet |
Kristoffersen, Samuel K. Ward, William E. Meek, Chris E. |
author_sort |
Kristoffersen, Samuel K. |
title |
Wind comparisons between meteor radar and Doppler shifts in airglow emissions using field-widened Michelson interferometers |
title_short |
Wind comparisons between meteor radar and Doppler shifts in airglow emissions using field-widened Michelson interferometers |
title_full |
Wind comparisons between meteor radar and Doppler shifts in airglow emissions using field-widened Michelson interferometers |
title_fullStr |
Wind comparisons between meteor radar and Doppler shifts in airglow emissions using field-widened Michelson interferometers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Wind comparisons between meteor radar and Doppler shifts in airglow emissions using field-widened Michelson interferometers |
title_sort |
wind comparisons between meteor radar and doppler shifts in airglow emissions using field-widened michelson interferometers |
publishDate |
2024 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3995-2024 https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/17/3995/2024/ |
genre |
Eureka Nunavut |
genre_facet |
Eureka Nunavut |
op_source |
eISSN: 1867-8548 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/amt-17-3995-2024 https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/17/3995/2024/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3995-2024 |
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Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
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17 |
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13 |
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3995 |
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4014 |
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1810442816201949184 |