Effects of Marine Organic Aerosols as Sources of Immersion-Mode Ice Nucleating Particles on High Latitude Mixed-Phase Clouds

• Main Authors: Zhao, Xi, Liu, Xiaohong, Burrows, Susannah, Shi, Yang
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 2020
• Subjects: Antarctic; Arctic; Austral; Mace; Moa; Southern Ocean; Amsterdam Island; Antarc*; Climate change
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2020-674; https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2020-674/

Mixed-phase clouds are frequently observed in the Arctic, Antarctic, and over the Southern Ocean, and have important impacts on the surface energy budget and regional climate. Marine organic aerosol (MOA), a natural source of aerosol emitted over ~ 70 % of Earth’s surface, may significantly modify the properties and radiative forcing of mixed-phase clouds. However, the relative importance of MOA as a source of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in comparison to mineral dust, and its effects as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and INPs on mixed-phase clouds are still open questions. In this study, we implement MOA as a new aerosol species into the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6), the atmosphere component of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2), and allow the treatments of aerosol-cloud interactions of MOA via droplet activation and ice nucleation. CAM6 reproduces observed seasonal cycles of marine organic matter at Mace Head and Amsterdam Island when the MOA fraction of sea spray aerosol in the model is assumed to depend on sea spray biology, but fails when this fraction is assumed to be constant. Model results indicate that marine INPs dominate primary ice nucleation below 400 hPa over the Southern Ocean and Arctic boundary layer, while dust INPs are more abundant elsewhere. By acting as CCN, MOA exerts a shortwave cloud forcing change of −2.78 W m –2 over the Southern Ocean in the austral summer. By acting as INPs, MOA enhances the longwave cloud forcing by 0.35 W m –2 over the Southern Ocean in the austral winter. The annual global mean net cloud forcing changes due to CCN and INPs of MOA are −0.35 and 0.016 W m –2 , respectively. These findings highlight the vital importance of Earth System Models to consider the MOA as an important aerosol species for the interactions of biogeochemistry, hydrological cycle, and climate change.