Flexpart v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon
The Arctic environment is undergoing rapid changes such as faster warming than the global average and exceptional melting of glaciers in Greenland. Black carbon (BC) particles, which are a short-lived climate pollutant, are one cause of Arctic warming and glacier melting. However, the sources of BC...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2019
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-590 https://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/acp-2019-590/ |
id |
ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:acpd77621 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:acpd77621 2023-05-15T14:32:14+02:00 Flexpart v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon Zhu, Chunmao Kanaya, Yugo Takigawa, Masayuki Ikeda, Kohei Tanimoto, Hiroshi Taketani, Fumikazu Miyakawa, Takuma Kobayashi, Hideki Pisso, Ignacio 2019-09-24 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-590 https://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/acp-2019-590/ eng eng doi:10.5194/acp-2019-590 https://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/acp-2019-590/ eISSN: 1680-7324 Text 2019 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-590 2019-12-24T09:48:29Z The Arctic environment is undergoing rapid changes such as faster warming than the global average and exceptional melting of glaciers in Greenland. Black carbon (BC) particles, which are a short-lived climate pollutant, are one cause of Arctic warming and glacier melting. However, the sources of BC particles are still uncertain. We simulated the potential emission sensitivity of atmospheric BC present over the Arctic (north of 66° N) using the Flexpart Lagrangian transport model (version 10.1). This version includes a new aerosol wet removal scheme, which better represents particle-scavenging processes than older versions did. Arctic BC at the surface (0–500 m) and high altitudes (4750–5250 m) is sensitive to emissions in high latitude (> 60° N) and mid-latitude (30–60° N) regions, respectively. Geospatial sources of Arctic BC were quantified, with a focus on emissions from anthropogenic activities and biomass burning in 2010. We found that anthropogenic sources contributed 82 % and 83 % of annual Arctic BC at the surface and high altitudes, respectively. Arctic surface BC comes predominantly from anthropogenic emissions in Russia (56 %), with gas flaring from the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Komi Republic being the main source (31 % of Arctic surface BC). These results highlight the need for regulations to control BC emissions from gas flaring to mitigate the rapid changes in the Arctic environment. In summer, combined biomass burning in Siberia, Alaska, and Canada contributes 56–85 % (75 % on average) and 40–72 % (57 %) of Arctic BC at the surface and high altitudes, respectively. A large fraction (40 %) of BC in the Arctic at high altitudes comes from anthropogenic emissions in East Asia, which suggests that the rapidly growing economies of developing countries could have a non-negligible effect on the Arctic. To our knowledge, this is the first year-round evaluation of Arctic BC sources that has been performed using the new wet deposition scheme in Flexpart. The study provides a scientific basis for actions to mitigate the rapidly changing Arctic environment. Text Arctic black carbon glacier glacier glacier glacier* glaciers Greenland nenets Nenets Autonomous Okrug Yamalo Nenets Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Alaska Siberia Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Arctic Canada Greenland |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
The Arctic environment is undergoing rapid changes such as faster warming than the global average and exceptional melting of glaciers in Greenland. Black carbon (BC) particles, which are a short-lived climate pollutant, are one cause of Arctic warming and glacier melting. However, the sources of BC particles are still uncertain. We simulated the potential emission sensitivity of atmospheric BC present over the Arctic (north of 66° N) using the Flexpart Lagrangian transport model (version 10.1). This version includes a new aerosol wet removal scheme, which better represents particle-scavenging processes than older versions did. Arctic BC at the surface (0–500 m) and high altitudes (4750–5250 m) is sensitive to emissions in high latitude (> 60° N) and mid-latitude (30–60° N) regions, respectively. Geospatial sources of Arctic BC were quantified, with a focus on emissions from anthropogenic activities and biomass burning in 2010. We found that anthropogenic sources contributed 82 % and 83 % of annual Arctic BC at the surface and high altitudes, respectively. Arctic surface BC comes predominantly from anthropogenic emissions in Russia (56 %), with gas flaring from the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Komi Republic being the main source (31 % of Arctic surface BC). These results highlight the need for regulations to control BC emissions from gas flaring to mitigate the rapid changes in the Arctic environment. In summer, combined biomass burning in Siberia, Alaska, and Canada contributes 56–85 % (75 % on average) and 40–72 % (57 %) of Arctic BC at the surface and high altitudes, respectively. A large fraction (40 %) of BC in the Arctic at high altitudes comes from anthropogenic emissions in East Asia, which suggests that the rapidly growing economies of developing countries could have a non-negligible effect on the Arctic. To our knowledge, this is the first year-round evaluation of Arctic BC sources that has been performed using the new wet deposition scheme in Flexpart. The study provides a scientific basis for actions to mitigate the rapidly changing Arctic environment. |
format |
Text |
author |
Zhu, Chunmao Kanaya, Yugo Takigawa, Masayuki Ikeda, Kohei Tanimoto, Hiroshi Taketani, Fumikazu Miyakawa, Takuma Kobayashi, Hideki Pisso, Ignacio |
spellingShingle |
Zhu, Chunmao Kanaya, Yugo Takigawa, Masayuki Ikeda, Kohei Tanimoto, Hiroshi Taketani, Fumikazu Miyakawa, Takuma Kobayashi, Hideki Pisso, Ignacio Flexpart v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon |
author_facet |
Zhu, Chunmao Kanaya, Yugo Takigawa, Masayuki Ikeda, Kohei Tanimoto, Hiroshi Taketani, Fumikazu Miyakawa, Takuma Kobayashi, Hideki Pisso, Ignacio |
author_sort |
Zhu, Chunmao |
title |
Flexpart v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon |
title_short |
Flexpart v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon |
title_full |
Flexpart v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon |
title_fullStr |
Flexpart v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Flexpart v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon |
title_sort |
flexpart v10.1 simulation of source contributions to arctic black carbon |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-590 https://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/acp-2019-590/ |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Greenland |
genre |
Arctic black carbon glacier glacier glacier glacier* glaciers Greenland nenets Nenets Autonomous Okrug Yamalo Nenets Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Alaska Siberia |
genre_facet |
Arctic black carbon glacier glacier glacier glacier* glaciers Greenland nenets Nenets Autonomous Okrug Yamalo Nenets Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Alaska Siberia |
op_source |
eISSN: 1680-7324 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/acp-2019-590 https://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/acp-2019-590/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2019-590 |
_version_ |
1766305687600627712 |