Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season
The Svalbard archipelago, located at the Arctic sea-ice edge between 74 and 81 ∘ N, is ∼60 % covered by glaciers. The region experiences rapid variations in atmospheric flow during the snow season (from late September to May) and can be affected by air advected from both lower and higher latitudes,...
Published in: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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Language: | English |
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2021
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3163-2021 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/3163/2021/ |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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The Svalbard archipelago, located at the Arctic sea-ice edge between 74 and 81 ∘ N, is ∼60 % covered by glaciers. The region experiences rapid variations in atmospheric flow during the snow season (from late September to May) and can be affected by air advected from both lower and higher latitudes, which likely impact the chemical composition of snowfall. While long-term changes in Svalbard snow chemistry have been documented in ice cores drilled from two high-elevation glaciers, the spatial variability of the snowpack composition across Svalbard is comparatively poorly understood. Here, we report the results of the most comprehensive seasonal snow chemistry survey to date, carried out in April 2016 across 22 sites on seven glaciers across the archipelago. At each glacier, three snowpits were sampled along the altitudinal profiles and the collected samples were analysed for major ions ( Ca 2+ , K + , Na + , Mg 2+ , <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="3226c502fdca30fe88bf9305df4b3716"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00001.svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> , <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">SO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="40da026c69d6bb7b362f8aefb7758b92"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00002.svg" width="29pt" height="17pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> , Br − , Cl − , and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="eb51cd45ba2a21283d090226a04e61ba"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00003.svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg> ) and stable water isotopes ( δ 18 O , δ 2 H ). The main aims were to investigate the natural and anthropogenic processes influencing the snowpack and to better understand the influence of atmospheric aerosol transport and deposition patterns on the snow chemical composition. The snow deposited in the southern region of Svalbard is characterized by the highest total ionic loads, mainly attributed to sea-salt particles. Both <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="c5e3e0772eea57309f236de17ca43cb8"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00004.svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M15" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8954cfb2fcef1f8dc372e5d7425e25d0"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00005.svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg> in the seasonal snowpack reflect secondary aerosol formation and post-depositional changes, resulting in very different spatial deposition patterns: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M16" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="48a6d5724cc017ced9c974ab9a81c03a"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00006.svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg> has its highest loading in north-western Spitsbergen and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M17" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8b20487e53d7ab6a3bf592e9df90e3eb"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00007.svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg> in the south-west. The Br − enrichment in snow is highest in north-eastern glacier sites closest to areas of extensive sea-ice coverage. Spatial correlation patterns between Na + and δ 18 O suggest that the influence of long-range transport of aerosols on snow chemistry is proportionally greater above 600–700 m a.s.l. |
format |
Text |
author |
Barbaro, Elena Koziol, Krystyna Björkman, Mats P. Vega, Carmen P. Zdanowicz, Christian Martma, Tonu Gallet, Jean-Charles Kępski, Daniel Larose, Catherine Luks, Bartłomiej Tolle, Florian Schuler, Thomas V. Uszczyk, Aleksander Spolaor, Andrea |
spellingShingle |
Barbaro, Elena Koziol, Krystyna Björkman, Mats P. Vega, Carmen P. Zdanowicz, Christian Martma, Tonu Gallet, Jean-Charles Kępski, Daniel Larose, Catherine Luks, Bartłomiej Tolle, Florian Schuler, Thomas V. Uszczyk, Aleksander Spolaor, Andrea Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season |
author_facet |
Barbaro, Elena Koziol, Krystyna Björkman, Mats P. Vega, Carmen P. Zdanowicz, Christian Martma, Tonu Gallet, Jean-Charles Kępski, Daniel Larose, Catherine Luks, Bartłomiej Tolle, Florian Schuler, Thomas V. Uszczyk, Aleksander Spolaor, Andrea |
author_sort |
Barbaro, Elena |
title |
Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season |
title_short |
Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season |
title_full |
Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season |
title_fullStr |
Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season |
title_full_unstemmed |
Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season |
title_sort |
measurement report: spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3163-2021 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/3163/2021/ |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-82.082,-82.082,75.784,75.784) |
geographic |
Arctic Eastern Glacier Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Eastern Glacier Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago |
genre |
Arctic glacier Sea ice Svalbard Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Arctic glacier Sea ice Svalbard Spitsbergen |
op_source |
eISSN: 1680-7324 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/acp-21-3163-2021 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/3163/2021/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3163-2021 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
21 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
3163 |
op_container_end_page |
3180 |
_version_ |
1766350764993675264 |
spelling |
ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:acp87156 2023-05-15T15:20:30+02:00 Measurement report: Spatial variations in ionic chemistry and water-stable isotopes in the snowpack on glaciers across Svalbard during the 2015–2016 snow accumulation season Barbaro, Elena Koziol, Krystyna Björkman, Mats P. Vega, Carmen P. Zdanowicz, Christian Martma, Tonu Gallet, Jean-Charles Kępski, Daniel Larose, Catherine Luks, Bartłomiej Tolle, Florian Schuler, Thomas V. Uszczyk, Aleksander Spolaor, Andrea 2021-03-02 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3163-2021 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/3163/2021/ eng eng doi:10.5194/acp-21-3163-2021 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/3163/2021/ eISSN: 1680-7324 Text 2021 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3163-2021 2021-03-08T17:22:13Z The Svalbard archipelago, located at the Arctic sea-ice edge between 74 and 81 ∘ N, is ∼60 % covered by glaciers. The region experiences rapid variations in atmospheric flow during the snow season (from late September to May) and can be affected by air advected from both lower and higher latitudes, which likely impact the chemical composition of snowfall. While long-term changes in Svalbard snow chemistry have been documented in ice cores drilled from two high-elevation glaciers, the spatial variability of the snowpack composition across Svalbard is comparatively poorly understood. Here, we report the results of the most comprehensive seasonal snow chemistry survey to date, carried out in April 2016 across 22 sites on seven glaciers across the archipelago. At each glacier, three snowpits were sampled along the altitudinal profiles and the collected samples were analysed for major ions ( Ca 2+ , K + , Na + , Mg 2+ , <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="3226c502fdca30fe88bf9305df4b3716"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00001.svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> , <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">SO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29pt" height="17pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="40da026c69d6bb7b362f8aefb7758b92"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00002.svg" width="29pt" height="17pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00002.png"/></svg:svg> , Br − , Cl − , and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="eb51cd45ba2a21283d090226a04e61ba"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00003.svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00003.png"/></svg:svg> ) and stable water isotopes ( δ 18 O , δ 2 H ). The main aims were to investigate the natural and anthropogenic processes influencing the snowpack and to better understand the influence of atmospheric aerosol transport and deposition patterns on the snow chemical composition. The snow deposited in the southern region of Svalbard is characterized by the highest total ionic loads, mainly attributed to sea-salt particles. Both <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="c5e3e0772eea57309f236de17ca43cb8"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00004.svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00004.png"/></svg:svg> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M15" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8954cfb2fcef1f8dc372e5d7425e25d0"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00005.svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00005.png"/></svg:svg> in the seasonal snowpack reflect secondary aerosol formation and post-depositional changes, resulting in very different spatial deposition patterns: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M16" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="48a6d5724cc017ced9c974ab9a81c03a"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00006.svg" width="25pt" height="16pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00006.png"/></svg:svg> has its highest loading in north-western Spitsbergen and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M17" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">NH</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8b20487e53d7ab6a3bf592e9df90e3eb"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00007.svg" width="24pt" height="15pt" src="acp-21-3163-2021-ie00007.png"/></svg:svg> in the south-west. The Br − enrichment in snow is highest in north-eastern glacier sites closest to areas of extensive sea-ice coverage. Spatial correlation patterns between Na + and δ 18 O suggest that the influence of long-range transport of aerosols on snow chemistry is proportionally greater above 600–700 m a.s.l. Text Arctic glacier Sea ice Svalbard Spitsbergen Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Arctic Eastern Glacier ENVELOPE(-82.082,-82.082,75.784,75.784) Svalbard Svalbard Archipelago Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21 4 3163 3180 |