Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other perfluorinated compounds are industrial chemicals in use for decades which resist degradation in the environment and seem to accumulate in polar regions. Transport of PFOA was modeled using a spatially resolved global multicompartment model including fully cou...
Published in: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9965-2010 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/9965/2010/ |
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:acp7134 2023-05-15T14:39:34+02:00 Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources Stemmler, I. Lammel, G. 2018-01-15 info:eu-repo/semantics/application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9965-2010 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/9965/2010/ eng eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/226534 doi:10.5194/acp-10-9965-2010 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/9965/2010/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess eISSN: 1680-7324 info:eu-repo/semantics/Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9965-2010 2019-12-24T09:57:10Z Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other perfluorinated compounds are industrial chemicals in use for decades which resist degradation in the environment and seem to accumulate in polar regions. Transport of PFOA was modeled using a spatially resolved global multicompartment model including fully coupled three-dimensional ocean and atmosphere general circulation models, and two-dimensional top soil, vegetation surfaces, and sea ice compartments. In addition to primary emissions, the formation of PFOA in the atmosphere from degradation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol was included as a PFOA source. Oceanic transport, delivered 14.8±5.0 (8–23) t a −1 to the Arctic, strongly influenced by changes in water transport, which determined its interannual variability. This pathway constituted the dominant source of PFOA to the Arctic. Formation of PFOA in the atmosphere led to episodic transport events (timescale of days) into the Arctic with small spatial extent. Deposition in the polar region was found to be dominated by wet deposition over land, and shows maxima in boreal winter. The total atmospheric deposition of PFOA in the Arctic in the 1990s was ≈1 t a −1 , much higher than previously estimated, and is dominated by primary emissions rather than secondary formation. Other/Unknown Material Arctic Sea ice Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10 20 9965 9980 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and other perfluorinated compounds are industrial chemicals in use for decades which resist degradation in the environment and seem to accumulate in polar regions. Transport of PFOA was modeled using a spatially resolved global multicompartment model including fully coupled three-dimensional ocean and atmosphere general circulation models, and two-dimensional top soil, vegetation surfaces, and sea ice compartments. In addition to primary emissions, the formation of PFOA in the atmosphere from degradation of 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol was included as a PFOA source. Oceanic transport, delivered 14.8±5.0 (8–23) t a −1 to the Arctic, strongly influenced by changes in water transport, which determined its interannual variability. This pathway constituted the dominant source of PFOA to the Arctic. Formation of PFOA in the atmosphere led to episodic transport events (timescale of days) into the Arctic with small spatial extent. Deposition in the polar region was found to be dominated by wet deposition over land, and shows maxima in boreal winter. The total atmospheric deposition of PFOA in the Arctic in the 1990s was ≈1 t a −1 , much higher than previously estimated, and is dominated by primary emissions rather than secondary formation. |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Stemmler, I. Lammel, G. |
spellingShingle |
Stemmler, I. Lammel, G. Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources |
author_facet |
Stemmler, I. Lammel, G. |
author_sort |
Stemmler, I. |
title |
Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources |
title_short |
Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources |
title_full |
Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources |
title_fullStr |
Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources |
title_full_unstemmed |
Pathways of PFOA to the Arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources |
title_sort |
pathways of pfoa to the arctic: variabilities and contributions of oceanic currents and atmospheric transport and chemistry sources |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9965-2010 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/9965/2010/ |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Sea ice |
op_source |
eISSN: 1680-7324 |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/226534 doi:10.5194/acp-10-9965-2010 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/10/9965/2010/ |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9965-2010 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
10 |
container_issue |
20 |
container_start_page |
9965 |
op_container_end_page |
9980 |
_version_ |
1766311557290000384 |