Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions
Short-lived anthropogenic climate forcers (SLCFs), such as sulfate aerosols, affect both climate and air quality. Despite being short-lived, these forcers do not affect temperatures only locally; regions far away from the emission sources are also affected. Climate metrics are often used in a policy...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:acp70522 2023-05-15T15:14:23+02:00 Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions Lewinschal, Anna Ekman, Annica M. L. Hansson, Hans-Christen Sand, Maria Berntsen, Terje K. Langner, Joakim 2019-02-22 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/2385/2019/ eng eng doi:10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/2385/2019/ eISSN: 1680-7324 Text 2019 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 2019-12-24T09:49:26Z Short-lived anthropogenic climate forcers (SLCFs), such as sulfate aerosols, affect both climate and air quality. Despite being short-lived, these forcers do not affect temperatures only locally; regions far away from the emission sources are also affected. Climate metrics are often used in a policy context to compare the climate impact of different anthropogenic forcing agents. These metrics typically relate a forcing change in a certain region with a temperature change in another region and thus often require a separate model to convert emission changes to radiative forcing (RF) changes. In this study, we used a coupled Earth system model, NorESM (Norwegian Earth System Model), to calculate emission-to-temperature-response metrics for sulfur dioxide ( SO 2 ) emission changes in four different policy-relevant regions: Europe (EU), North America (NA), East Asia (EA) and South Asia (SA). We first increased the SO 2 emissions in each individual region by an amount giving approximately the same global average radiative forcing change ( − 0.45 Wm −2 ). The global mean temperature change per unit sulfur emission compared to the control experiment was independent of emission region and equal to ∼ 0.006 K(TgSyr −1 ) −1 . On a regional scale, the Arctic showed the largest temperature response in all experiments. The second largest temperature change occurred in the region of the imposed emission increase, except when South Asian emissions were changed; in this experiment, the temperature response was approximately the same in South Asia and East Asia. We also examined the non-linearity of the temperature response by removing all anthropogenic SO 2 emissions over Europe in one experiment. In this case, the temperature response (both global and regional) was twice that in the corresponding experiment with a European emission increase. This non-linearity in the temperature response is one of many uncertainties associated with the use of simplified climate metrics. Text Arctic Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19 4 2385 2403 |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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English |
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Short-lived anthropogenic climate forcers (SLCFs), such as sulfate aerosols, affect both climate and air quality. Despite being short-lived, these forcers do not affect temperatures only locally; regions far away from the emission sources are also affected. Climate metrics are often used in a policy context to compare the climate impact of different anthropogenic forcing agents. These metrics typically relate a forcing change in a certain region with a temperature change in another region and thus often require a separate model to convert emission changes to radiative forcing (RF) changes. In this study, we used a coupled Earth system model, NorESM (Norwegian Earth System Model), to calculate emission-to-temperature-response metrics for sulfur dioxide ( SO 2 ) emission changes in four different policy-relevant regions: Europe (EU), North America (NA), East Asia (EA) and South Asia (SA). We first increased the SO 2 emissions in each individual region by an amount giving approximately the same global average radiative forcing change ( − 0.45 Wm −2 ). The global mean temperature change per unit sulfur emission compared to the control experiment was independent of emission region and equal to ∼ 0.006 K(TgSyr −1 ) −1 . On a regional scale, the Arctic showed the largest temperature response in all experiments. The second largest temperature change occurred in the region of the imposed emission increase, except when South Asian emissions were changed; in this experiment, the temperature response was approximately the same in South Asia and East Asia. We also examined the non-linearity of the temperature response by removing all anthropogenic SO 2 emissions over Europe in one experiment. In this case, the temperature response (both global and regional) was twice that in the corresponding experiment with a European emission increase. This non-linearity in the temperature response is one of many uncertainties associated with the use of simplified climate metrics. |
format |
Text |
author |
Lewinschal, Anna Ekman, Annica M. L. Hansson, Hans-Christen Sand, Maria Berntsen, Terje K. Langner, Joakim |
spellingShingle |
Lewinschal, Anna Ekman, Annica M. L. Hansson, Hans-Christen Sand, Maria Berntsen, Terje K. Langner, Joakim Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
author_facet |
Lewinschal, Anna Ekman, Annica M. L. Hansson, Hans-Christen Sand, Maria Berntsen, Terje K. Langner, Joakim |
author_sort |
Lewinschal, Anna |
title |
Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
title_short |
Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
title_full |
Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
title_fullStr |
Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Local and remote temperature response of regional SO2 emissions |
title_sort |
local and remote temperature response of regional so2 emissions |
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2019 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/2385/2019/ |
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eISSN: 1680-7324 |
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doi:10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/2385/2019/ |
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https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2385-2019 |
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Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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