Reconstructing volcanic plume evolution integrating satellite and ground-based data: application to the 23 November 2013 Etna eruption
Recent explosive volcanic eruptions recorded worldwide (e.g. Hekla in 2000, Eyjafjallajökull in 2010, Cordón-Caulle in 2011) demonstrated the necessity for a better assessment of the eruption source parameters (ESPs; e.g. column height, mass eruption rate, eruption duration, and total grain-size dis...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:acp64745 2023-05-15T16:09:42+02:00 Reconstructing volcanic plume evolution integrating satellite and ground-based data: application to the 23 November 2013 Etna eruption Poret, Matthieu Corradini, Stefano Merucci, Luca Costa, Antonio Andronico, Daniele Montopoli, Mario Vulpiani, Gianfranco Freret-Lorgeril, Valentin 2018-09-08 info:eu-repo/semantics/application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4695-2018 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/4695/2018/ eng eng info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/607905 doi:10.5194/acp-18-4695-2018 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/4695/2018/ info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess eISSN: 1680-7324 info:eu-repo/semantics/Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4695-2018 2019-12-24T09:50:30Z Recent explosive volcanic eruptions recorded worldwide (e.g. Hekla in 2000, Eyjafjallajökull in 2010, Cordón-Caulle in 2011) demonstrated the necessity for a better assessment of the eruption source parameters (ESPs; e.g. column height, mass eruption rate, eruption duration, and total grain-size distribution – TGSD) to reduce the uncertainties associated with the far-travelling airborne ash mass. Volcanological studies started to integrate observations to use more realistic numerical inputs, crucial for taking robust volcanic risk mitigation actions. On 23 November 2013, Etna (Italy) erupted, producing a 10 km height plume, from which two volcanic clouds were observed at different altitudes from satellites (SEVIRI, MODIS). One was retrieved as mainly composed of very fine ash (i.e. PM 20 ), and the second one as made of ice/SO 2 droplets (i.e. not measurable in terms of ash mass). An atypical north-easterly wind direction transported the tephra from Etna towards the Calabria and Apulia regions (southern Italy), permitting tephra sampling in proximal (i.e. ∼ 5–25 km from the source) and medial areas (i.e. the Calabria region, ∼ 160 km). A primary TGSD was derived from the field measurement analysis, but the paucity of data (especially related to the fine ash fraction) prevented it from being entirely representative of the initial magma fragmentation. To better constrain the TGSD assessment, we also estimated the distribution from the X-band weather radar data. We integrated the field and radar-derived TGSDs by inverting the relative weighting averages to best fit the tephra loading measurements. The resulting TGSD is used as input for the FALL3D tephra dispersal model to reconstruct the whole tephra loading. Furthermore, we empirically modified the integrated TGSD by enriching the PM 20 classes until the numerical results were able to reproduce the airborne ash mass retrieved from satellite data. The resulting TGSD is inverted by best-fitting the field, ground-based, and satellite-based measurements. The results indicate a total erupted mass of 1.2 × 10 9 kg, being similar to the field-derived value of 1.3 × 10 9 kg, and an initial PM 20 fraction between 3.6 and 9.0 wt %, constituting the tail of the TGSD. Other/Unknown Material Eyjafjallajökull Hekla Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18 7 4695 4714 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
Recent explosive volcanic eruptions recorded worldwide (e.g. Hekla in 2000, Eyjafjallajökull in 2010, Cordón-Caulle in 2011) demonstrated the necessity for a better assessment of the eruption source parameters (ESPs; e.g. column height, mass eruption rate, eruption duration, and total grain-size distribution – TGSD) to reduce the uncertainties associated with the far-travelling airborne ash mass. Volcanological studies started to integrate observations to use more realistic numerical inputs, crucial for taking robust volcanic risk mitigation actions. On 23 November 2013, Etna (Italy) erupted, producing a 10 km height plume, from which two volcanic clouds were observed at different altitudes from satellites (SEVIRI, MODIS). One was retrieved as mainly composed of very fine ash (i.e. PM 20 ), and the second one as made of ice/SO 2 droplets (i.e. not measurable in terms of ash mass). An atypical north-easterly wind direction transported the tephra from Etna towards the Calabria and Apulia regions (southern Italy), permitting tephra sampling in proximal (i.e. ∼ 5–25 km from the source) and medial areas (i.e. the Calabria region, ∼ 160 km). A primary TGSD was derived from the field measurement analysis, but the paucity of data (especially related to the fine ash fraction) prevented it from being entirely representative of the initial magma fragmentation. To better constrain the TGSD assessment, we also estimated the distribution from the X-band weather radar data. We integrated the field and radar-derived TGSDs by inverting the relative weighting averages to best fit the tephra loading measurements. The resulting TGSD is used as input for the FALL3D tephra dispersal model to reconstruct the whole tephra loading. Furthermore, we empirically modified the integrated TGSD by enriching the PM 20 classes until the numerical results were able to reproduce the airborne ash mass retrieved from satellite data. The resulting TGSD is inverted by best-fitting the field, ground-based, and satellite-based measurements. The results indicate a total erupted mass of 1.2 × 10 9 kg, being similar to the field-derived value of 1.3 × 10 9 kg, and an initial PM 20 fraction between 3.6 and 9.0 wt %, constituting the tail of the TGSD. |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Poret, Matthieu Corradini, Stefano Merucci, Luca Costa, Antonio Andronico, Daniele Montopoli, Mario Vulpiani, Gianfranco Freret-Lorgeril, Valentin |
spellingShingle |
Poret, Matthieu Corradini, Stefano Merucci, Luca Costa, Antonio Andronico, Daniele Montopoli, Mario Vulpiani, Gianfranco Freret-Lorgeril, Valentin Reconstructing volcanic plume evolution integrating satellite and ground-based data: application to the 23 November 2013 Etna eruption |
author_facet |
Poret, Matthieu Corradini, Stefano Merucci, Luca Costa, Antonio Andronico, Daniele Montopoli, Mario Vulpiani, Gianfranco Freret-Lorgeril, Valentin |
author_sort |
Poret, Matthieu |
title |
Reconstructing volcanic plume evolution integrating satellite and ground-based data: application to the 23 November 2013 Etna eruption |
title_short |
Reconstructing volcanic plume evolution integrating satellite and ground-based data: application to the 23 November 2013 Etna eruption |
title_full |
Reconstructing volcanic plume evolution integrating satellite and ground-based data: application to the 23 November 2013 Etna eruption |
title_fullStr |
Reconstructing volcanic plume evolution integrating satellite and ground-based data: application to the 23 November 2013 Etna eruption |
title_full_unstemmed |
Reconstructing volcanic plume evolution integrating satellite and ground-based data: application to the 23 November 2013 Etna eruption |
title_sort |
reconstructing volcanic plume evolution integrating satellite and ground-based data: application to the 23 november 2013 etna eruption |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4695-2018 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/4695/2018/ |
genre |
Eyjafjallajökull Hekla |
genre_facet |
Eyjafjallajökull Hekla |
op_source |
eISSN: 1680-7324 |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/607905 doi:10.5194/acp-18-4695-2018 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/18/4695/2018/ |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4695-2018 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
18 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
4695 |
op_container_end_page |
4714 |
_version_ |
1766405535073042432 |