Ship emissions measurement in the Arctic by plume intercepts of the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen from the Polar 6 aircraft platform
Decreasing sea ice and increasing marine navigability in northern latitudes have changed Arctic ship traffic patterns in recent years and are predicted to increase annual ship traffic in the Arctic in the future. Development of effective regulations to manage environmental impacts of shipping requir...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:acp48820 2023-05-15T14:55:20+02:00 Ship emissions measurement in the Arctic by plume intercepts of the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen from the Polar 6 aircraft platform Aliabadi, Amir A. Thomas, Jennie L. Herber, Andreas B. Staebler, Ralf M. Leaitch, W. Richard Schulz, Hannes Law, Kathy S. Marelle, Louis Burkart, Julia Willis, Megan D. Bozem, Heiko Hoor, Peter M. Köllner, Franziska Schneider, Johannes Levasseur, Maurice Abbatt, Jonathan P. D. 2018-09-20 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7899-2016 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/7899/2016/ eng eng doi:10.5194/acp-16-7899-2016 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/7899/2016/ eISSN: 1680-7324 Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7899-2016 2019-12-24T09:52:10Z Decreasing sea ice and increasing marine navigability in northern latitudes have changed Arctic ship traffic patterns in recent years and are predicted to increase annual ship traffic in the Arctic in the future. Development of effective regulations to manage environmental impacts of shipping requires an understanding of ship emissions and atmospheric processing in the Arctic environment. As part of the summer 2014 NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols) campaign, the plume dispersion and gas and particle emission factors of effluents originating from the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen operating near Resolute Bay, NU, Canada, were investigated. The Amundsen burned distillate fuel with 1.5 wt % sulfur. Emissions were studied via plume intercepts using the Polar 6 aircraft measurements, an analytical plume dispersion model, and using the FLEXPART-WRF Lagrangian particle dispersion model. The first plume intercept by the research aircraft was carried out on 19 July 2014 during the operation of the Amundsen in the open water. The second and third plume intercepts were carried out on 20 and 21 July 2014 when the Amundsen had reached the ice edge and operated under ice-breaking conditions. Typical of Arctic marine navigation, the engine load was low compared to cruising conditions for all of the plume intercepts. The measured species included mixing ratios of CO 2 , NO x , CO, SO 2 , particle number concentration (CN), refractory black carbon (rBC), and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The results were compared to similar experimental studies in mid-latitudes. Plume expansion rates ( γ ) were calculated using the analytical model and found to be γ = 0.75 ± 0.81, 0.93 ± 0.37, and 1.19 ± 0.39 for plumes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These rates were smaller than prior studies conducted at mid-latitudes, likely due to polar boundary layer dynamics, including reduced turbulent mixing compared to mid-latitudes. All emission factors were in agreement with prior observations at low engine loads in mid-latitudes. Ice-breaking increased the NO x emission factor from EF NO x = 43.1 ± 15.2 to 71.6 ± 9.68 and 71.4 ± 4.14 g kg-diesel −1 for plumes 1, 2, and 3, likely due to changes in combustion temperatures. The CO emission factor was EF CO = 137 ± 120, 12.5 ± 3.70 and 8.13 ± 1.34 g kg-diesel −1 for plumes 1, 2, and 3. The rBC emission factor was EF rBC = 0.202 ± 0.052 and 0.202 ± 0.125 g kg-diesel −1 for plumes 1 and 2. The CN emission factor was reduced while ice-breaking from EF CN = 2.41 ± 0.47 to 0.45 ± 0.082 and 0.507 ± 0.037 × 10 16 kg-diesel −1 for plumes 1, 2, and 3. At 0.6 % supersaturation, the CCN emission factor was comparable to observations in mid-latitudes at low engine loads with EF CCN = 3.03 ± 0.933, 1.39 ± 0.319, and 0.650 ± 0.136 × 10 14 kg-diesel −1 for plumes 1, 2, and 3. Text Arctic black carbon Icebreaker Resolute Bay Sea ice Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Arctic Canada Resolute Bay ENVELOPE(-94.842,-94.842,74.677,74.677) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16 12 7899 7916 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
Decreasing sea ice and increasing marine navigability in northern latitudes have changed Arctic ship traffic patterns in recent years and are predicted to increase annual ship traffic in the Arctic in the future. Development of effective regulations to manage environmental impacts of shipping requires an understanding of ship emissions and atmospheric processing in the Arctic environment. As part of the summer 2014 NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols) campaign, the plume dispersion and gas and particle emission factors of effluents originating from the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen operating near Resolute Bay, NU, Canada, were investigated. The Amundsen burned distillate fuel with 1.5 wt % sulfur. Emissions were studied via plume intercepts using the Polar 6 aircraft measurements, an analytical plume dispersion model, and using the FLEXPART-WRF Lagrangian particle dispersion model. The first plume intercept by the research aircraft was carried out on 19 July 2014 during the operation of the Amundsen in the open water. The second and third plume intercepts were carried out on 20 and 21 July 2014 when the Amundsen had reached the ice edge and operated under ice-breaking conditions. Typical of Arctic marine navigation, the engine load was low compared to cruising conditions for all of the plume intercepts. The measured species included mixing ratios of CO 2 , NO x , CO, SO 2 , particle number concentration (CN), refractory black carbon (rBC), and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The results were compared to similar experimental studies in mid-latitudes. Plume expansion rates ( γ ) were calculated using the analytical model and found to be γ = 0.75 ± 0.81, 0.93 ± 0.37, and 1.19 ± 0.39 for plumes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. These rates were smaller than prior studies conducted at mid-latitudes, likely due to polar boundary layer dynamics, including reduced turbulent mixing compared to mid-latitudes. All emission factors were in agreement with prior observations at low engine loads in mid-latitudes. Ice-breaking increased the NO x emission factor from EF NO x = 43.1 ± 15.2 to 71.6 ± 9.68 and 71.4 ± 4.14 g kg-diesel −1 for plumes 1, 2, and 3, likely due to changes in combustion temperatures. The CO emission factor was EF CO = 137 ± 120, 12.5 ± 3.70 and 8.13 ± 1.34 g kg-diesel −1 for plumes 1, 2, and 3. The rBC emission factor was EF rBC = 0.202 ± 0.052 and 0.202 ± 0.125 g kg-diesel −1 for plumes 1 and 2. The CN emission factor was reduced while ice-breaking from EF CN = 2.41 ± 0.47 to 0.45 ± 0.082 and 0.507 ± 0.037 × 10 16 kg-diesel −1 for plumes 1, 2, and 3. At 0.6 % supersaturation, the CCN emission factor was comparable to observations in mid-latitudes at low engine loads with EF CCN = 3.03 ± 0.933, 1.39 ± 0.319, and 0.650 ± 0.136 × 10 14 kg-diesel −1 for plumes 1, 2, and 3. |
format |
Text |
author |
Aliabadi, Amir A. Thomas, Jennie L. Herber, Andreas B. Staebler, Ralf M. Leaitch, W. Richard Schulz, Hannes Law, Kathy S. Marelle, Louis Burkart, Julia Willis, Megan D. Bozem, Heiko Hoor, Peter M. Köllner, Franziska Schneider, Johannes Levasseur, Maurice Abbatt, Jonathan P. D. |
spellingShingle |
Aliabadi, Amir A. Thomas, Jennie L. Herber, Andreas B. Staebler, Ralf M. Leaitch, W. Richard Schulz, Hannes Law, Kathy S. Marelle, Louis Burkart, Julia Willis, Megan D. Bozem, Heiko Hoor, Peter M. Köllner, Franziska Schneider, Johannes Levasseur, Maurice Abbatt, Jonathan P. D. Ship emissions measurement in the Arctic by plume intercepts of the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen from the Polar 6 aircraft platform |
author_facet |
Aliabadi, Amir A. Thomas, Jennie L. Herber, Andreas B. Staebler, Ralf M. Leaitch, W. Richard Schulz, Hannes Law, Kathy S. Marelle, Louis Burkart, Julia Willis, Megan D. Bozem, Heiko Hoor, Peter M. Köllner, Franziska Schneider, Johannes Levasseur, Maurice Abbatt, Jonathan P. D. |
author_sort |
Aliabadi, Amir A. |
title |
Ship emissions measurement in the Arctic by plume intercepts of the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen from the Polar 6 aircraft platform |
title_short |
Ship emissions measurement in the Arctic by plume intercepts of the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen from the Polar 6 aircraft platform |
title_full |
Ship emissions measurement in the Arctic by plume intercepts of the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen from the Polar 6 aircraft platform |
title_fullStr |
Ship emissions measurement in the Arctic by plume intercepts of the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen from the Polar 6 aircraft platform |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ship emissions measurement in the Arctic by plume intercepts of the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker Amundsen from the Polar 6 aircraft platform |
title_sort |
ship emissions measurement in the arctic by plume intercepts of the canadian coast guard icebreaker amundsen from the polar 6 aircraft platform |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7899-2016 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/7899/2016/ |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-94.842,-94.842,74.677,74.677) |
geographic |
Arctic Canada Resolute Bay |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Canada Resolute Bay |
genre |
Arctic black carbon Icebreaker Resolute Bay Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic black carbon Icebreaker Resolute Bay Sea ice |
op_source |
eISSN: 1680-7324 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/acp-16-7899-2016 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/16/7899/2016/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7899-2016 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
16 |
container_issue |
12 |
container_start_page |
7899 |
op_container_end_page |
7916 |
_version_ |
1766327123901939712 |