Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula
The smelter industry in Kola Peninsula is the largest source of anthropogenic SO 2 in the Arctic part of Europe and one of the largest within the Arctic domain. Due to socio-economic changes in Russia, the emissions have been decreasing especially since the late 1990s resulting in decreased SO 2 con...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:acp22188 2023-05-15T15:02:00+02:00 Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula Kyrö, E.-M. Väänänen, R. Kerminen, V.-M. Virkkula, A. Petäjä, T. Asmi, A. Dal Maso, M. Nieminen, T. Juhola, S. Shcherbinin, A. Riipinen, I. Lehtipalo, K. Keronen, P. Aalto, P. P. Hari, P. Kulmala, M. 2018-01-15 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/4383/2014/ eng eng doi:10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/4383/2014/ eISSN: 1680-7324 Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 2019-12-24T09:54:32Z The smelter industry in Kola Peninsula is the largest source of anthropogenic SO 2 in the Arctic part of Europe and one of the largest within the Arctic domain. Due to socio-economic changes in Russia, the emissions have been decreasing especially since the late 1990s resulting in decreased SO 2 concentrations close to Kola in eastern Lapland, Finland. At the same time, the frequency of new particle formation days has been decreasing distinctively at SMEAR I station in eastern Lapland, especially during spring and autumn. We show that sulfur species, namely sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid, have an important role in both new particle formation and subsequent growth and that the decrease in new particle formation days is a result of the reduction of sulfur emissions originating from Kola Peninsula. In addition to sulfur species, there are many other quantities, such as formation rate of aerosol particles, condensation sink and nucleation mode particle number concentration, which are related to the number of observed new particle formation (NPF) days and need to be addressed when linking sulfur emissions and NPF. We show that while most of these quantities exhibit statistically significant trends, the reduction in Kola sulfur emissions is the most obvious reason for the rapid decline in NPF days. Sulfuric acid explains approximately 20–50% of the aerosol condensational growth observed at SMEAR I, and there is a large seasonal variation with highest values obtained during spring and autumn. We found that (i) particles form earlier after sunrise during late winter and early spring due to high concentrations of SO 2 and H 2 SO 4 (ii) several events occurred during the absence of light, and they were connected to higher than average concentrations of SO 2 and (iii) high SO 2 concentrations could advance the onset of nucleation by several hours. Moreover, air masses coming over Kola Peninsula seemed to favour new particle formation. Text Arctic kola peninsula Lapland Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Arctic Kola Peninsula Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14 9 4383 4396 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
The smelter industry in Kola Peninsula is the largest source of anthropogenic SO 2 in the Arctic part of Europe and one of the largest within the Arctic domain. Due to socio-economic changes in Russia, the emissions have been decreasing especially since the late 1990s resulting in decreased SO 2 concentrations close to Kola in eastern Lapland, Finland. At the same time, the frequency of new particle formation days has been decreasing distinctively at SMEAR I station in eastern Lapland, especially during spring and autumn. We show that sulfur species, namely sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid, have an important role in both new particle formation and subsequent growth and that the decrease in new particle formation days is a result of the reduction of sulfur emissions originating from Kola Peninsula. In addition to sulfur species, there are many other quantities, such as formation rate of aerosol particles, condensation sink and nucleation mode particle number concentration, which are related to the number of observed new particle formation (NPF) days and need to be addressed when linking sulfur emissions and NPF. We show that while most of these quantities exhibit statistically significant trends, the reduction in Kola sulfur emissions is the most obvious reason for the rapid decline in NPF days. Sulfuric acid explains approximately 20–50% of the aerosol condensational growth observed at SMEAR I, and there is a large seasonal variation with highest values obtained during spring and autumn. We found that (i) particles form earlier after sunrise during late winter and early spring due to high concentrations of SO 2 and H 2 SO 4 (ii) several events occurred during the absence of light, and they were connected to higher than average concentrations of SO 2 and (iii) high SO 2 concentrations could advance the onset of nucleation by several hours. Moreover, air masses coming over Kola Peninsula seemed to favour new particle formation. |
format |
Text |
author |
Kyrö, E.-M. Väänänen, R. Kerminen, V.-M. Virkkula, A. Petäjä, T. Asmi, A. Dal Maso, M. Nieminen, T. Juhola, S. Shcherbinin, A. Riipinen, I. Lehtipalo, K. Keronen, P. Aalto, P. P. Hari, P. Kulmala, M. |
spellingShingle |
Kyrö, E.-M. Väänänen, R. Kerminen, V.-M. Virkkula, A. Petäjä, T. Asmi, A. Dal Maso, M. Nieminen, T. Juhola, S. Shcherbinin, A. Riipinen, I. Lehtipalo, K. Keronen, P. Aalto, P. P. Hari, P. Kulmala, M. Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
author_facet |
Kyrö, E.-M. Väänänen, R. Kerminen, V.-M. Virkkula, A. Petäjä, T. Asmi, A. Dal Maso, M. Nieminen, T. Juhola, S. Shcherbinin, A. Riipinen, I. Lehtipalo, K. Keronen, P. Aalto, P. P. Hari, P. Kulmala, M. |
author_sort |
Kyrö, E.-M. |
title |
Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
title_short |
Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
title_full |
Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
title_fullStr |
Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
title_full_unstemmed |
Trends in new particle formation in eastern Lapland, Finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from Kola Peninsula |
title_sort |
trends in new particle formation in eastern lapland, finland: effect of decreasing sulfur emissions from kola peninsula |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/4383/2014/ |
geographic |
Arctic Kola Peninsula |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Kola Peninsula |
genre |
Arctic kola peninsula Lapland |
genre_facet |
Arctic kola peninsula Lapland |
op_source |
eISSN: 1680-7324 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/14/4383/2014/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-4383-2014 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
14 |
container_issue |
9 |
container_start_page |
4383 |
op_container_end_page |
4396 |
_version_ |
1766333994580836352 |