Iodine emissions from the sea ice of the Weddell Sea
Iodine compounds were measured above, below and within the sea ice of the Weddell Sea during a cruise in 2009, to make progress in elucidating the mechanism of local enhancement and volatilisation of iodine. I 2 mixing ratios of up to 12.4 pptv were measured 10 m above the sea ice, and up to 31 pptv...
Published in: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11229-2012 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/11229/2012/ |
id |
ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:acp14825 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:acp14825 2023-05-15T15:47:03+02:00 Iodine emissions from the sea ice of the Weddell Sea Atkinson, H. M. Huang, R.-J. Chance, R. Roscoe, H. K. Hughes, C. Davison, B. Schönhardt, A. Mahajan, A. S. Saiz-Lopez, A. Hoffmann, T. Liss, P. S. 2018-01-15 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11229-2012 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/11229/2012/ eng eng doi:10.5194/acp-12-11229-2012 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/11229/2012/ eISSN: 1680-7324 Text 2018 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11229-2012 2019-12-24T09:55:42Z Iodine compounds were measured above, below and within the sea ice of the Weddell Sea during a cruise in 2009, to make progress in elucidating the mechanism of local enhancement and volatilisation of iodine. I 2 mixing ratios of up to 12.4 pptv were measured 10 m above the sea ice, and up to 31 pptv was observed above surface snow on the nearby Brunt Ice Shelf – large amounts. Atmospheric IO of up to 7 pptv was measured from the ship, and the average sum of HOI and ICl was 1.9 pptv. These measurements confirm the Weddell Sea as an iodine hotspot. Average atmospheric concentrations of CH 3 I, C 2 H 5 I, CH 2 ICl, 2-C 3 H 7 I, CH 2 IBr and 1-C 3 H 7 I were each 0.2 pptv or less. On the Brunt Ice Shelf, enhanced concentrations of CH 3 I and C 2 H 5 I (up to 0.5 and 1 pptv respectively) were observed in firn air, with a diurnal profile that suggests the snow may be a source. In the sea ice brine, iodocarbons concentrations were over 10 times those of the sea water below. The sum of iodide + iodate was depleted in sea ice samples, suggesting some missing iodine chemistry. Flux calculations suggest I 2 dominates the iodine atom flux to the atmosphere, but models cannot reconcile the observations and suggest either a missing iodine source or other deficiencies in our understanding of iodine chemistry. The observation of new particle formation, consistent with the model predictions, strongly suggests an iodine source. This combined study of iodine compounds is the first of its kind in this unique region of sea ice rich in biology and rich in iodine chemistry. Text Brunt Ice Shelf Ice Shelf Sea ice Weddell Sea Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Brunt Ice Shelf ENVELOPE(-22.500,-22.500,-74.750,-74.750) Weddell Weddell Sea Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12 22 11229 11244 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
op_collection_id |
ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
Iodine compounds were measured above, below and within the sea ice of the Weddell Sea during a cruise in 2009, to make progress in elucidating the mechanism of local enhancement and volatilisation of iodine. I 2 mixing ratios of up to 12.4 pptv were measured 10 m above the sea ice, and up to 31 pptv was observed above surface snow on the nearby Brunt Ice Shelf – large amounts. Atmospheric IO of up to 7 pptv was measured from the ship, and the average sum of HOI and ICl was 1.9 pptv. These measurements confirm the Weddell Sea as an iodine hotspot. Average atmospheric concentrations of CH 3 I, C 2 H 5 I, CH 2 ICl, 2-C 3 H 7 I, CH 2 IBr and 1-C 3 H 7 I were each 0.2 pptv or less. On the Brunt Ice Shelf, enhanced concentrations of CH 3 I and C 2 H 5 I (up to 0.5 and 1 pptv respectively) were observed in firn air, with a diurnal profile that suggests the snow may be a source. In the sea ice brine, iodocarbons concentrations were over 10 times those of the sea water below. The sum of iodide + iodate was depleted in sea ice samples, suggesting some missing iodine chemistry. Flux calculations suggest I 2 dominates the iodine atom flux to the atmosphere, but models cannot reconcile the observations and suggest either a missing iodine source or other deficiencies in our understanding of iodine chemistry. The observation of new particle formation, consistent with the model predictions, strongly suggests an iodine source. This combined study of iodine compounds is the first of its kind in this unique region of sea ice rich in biology and rich in iodine chemistry. |
format |
Text |
author |
Atkinson, H. M. Huang, R.-J. Chance, R. Roscoe, H. K. Hughes, C. Davison, B. Schönhardt, A. Mahajan, A. S. Saiz-Lopez, A. Hoffmann, T. Liss, P. S. |
spellingShingle |
Atkinson, H. M. Huang, R.-J. Chance, R. Roscoe, H. K. Hughes, C. Davison, B. Schönhardt, A. Mahajan, A. S. Saiz-Lopez, A. Hoffmann, T. Liss, P. S. Iodine emissions from the sea ice of the Weddell Sea |
author_facet |
Atkinson, H. M. Huang, R.-J. Chance, R. Roscoe, H. K. Hughes, C. Davison, B. Schönhardt, A. Mahajan, A. S. Saiz-Lopez, A. Hoffmann, T. Liss, P. S. |
author_sort |
Atkinson, H. M. |
title |
Iodine emissions from the sea ice of the Weddell Sea |
title_short |
Iodine emissions from the sea ice of the Weddell Sea |
title_full |
Iodine emissions from the sea ice of the Weddell Sea |
title_fullStr |
Iodine emissions from the sea ice of the Weddell Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Iodine emissions from the sea ice of the Weddell Sea |
title_sort |
iodine emissions from the sea ice of the weddell sea |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11229-2012 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/11229/2012/ |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-22.500,-22.500,-74.750,-74.750) |
geographic |
Brunt Ice Shelf Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Brunt Ice Shelf Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Brunt Ice Shelf Ice Shelf Sea ice Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Brunt Ice Shelf Ice Shelf Sea ice Weddell Sea |
op_source |
eISSN: 1680-7324 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/acp-12-11229-2012 https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/12/11229/2012/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-11229-2012 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
container_volume |
12 |
container_issue |
22 |
container_start_page |
11229 |
op_container_end_page |
11244 |
_version_ |
1766381852270002176 |