Turbulent structure of the Arctic boundary layer in early summer driven by stability, wind shear and cloud-top radiative cooling: ACLOUD airborne observations
Clouds are assumed to play an important role in the Arctic amplification process. This motivated a detailed investigation of cloud processes, including radiative and turbulent fluxes. Data from the aircraft campaign ACLOUD were analyzed with a focus on the mean and turbulent structure of the cloudy...
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ftcopernicus:oai:publications.copernicus.org:acp104276 2023-06-11T04:09:10+02:00 Turbulent structure of the Arctic boundary layer in early summer driven by stability, wind shear and cloud-top radiative cooling: ACLOUD airborne observations Chechin, Dmitry G. Lüpkes, Christof Hartmann, Jörg Ehrlich, André Wendisch, Manfred 2023-04-20 application/pdf https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4685-2023 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/4685/2023/ eng eng doi:10.5194/acp-23-4685-2023 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/4685/2023/ eISSN: 1680-7324 Text 2023 ftcopernicus https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4685-2023 2023-04-24T16:23:11Z Clouds are assumed to play an important role in the Arctic amplification process. This motivated a detailed investigation of cloud processes, including radiative and turbulent fluxes. Data from the aircraft campaign ACLOUD were analyzed with a focus on the mean and turbulent structure of the cloudy boundary layer over the Fram Strait marginal sea ice zone in late spring and early summer 2017. Vertical profiles of turbulence moments are presented from contrasting atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs) from 4 d. They differ by the magnitude of wind speed, boundary-layer height, stability, the strength of the cloud-top radiative cooling and the number of cloud layers. Turbulence statistics up to third-order moments are presented, which were obtained from horizontal-level flights and from slanted profiles. It is shown that both of these flight patterns complement each other and form a data set that resolves the vertical structure of the ABL turbulence well. The comparison of the 4 d shows that especially during weak wind, even in shallow Arctic ABLs with mixing ratios below 3 g kg −1 , cloud-top cooling can serve as a main source of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Well-mixed ABLs are generated where TKE is increased and vertical velocity variance shows pronounced maxima in the cloud layer. Negative vertical velocity skewness points then to upside-down convection. Turbulent heat fluxes are directed upward in the cloud layer as a result of cold downdrafts. In two cases with single-layer stratocumulus, turbulent transport of heat flux and of temperature variance are both negative in the cloud layer, suggesting an important role of large eddies. In contrast, in a case with weak cloud-top cooling, these quantities are positive in the ABL due to the heating from the surface. Based on observations and results of a mixed-layer model it is shown that the maxima of turbulent fluxes are, however, smaller than the jump of the net terrestrial radiation flux across the upper part of a cloud due to the (i) shallowness of the mixed ... Text Arctic Fram Strait Sea ice Copernicus Publications: E-Journals Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23 8 4685 4707 |
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Open Polar |
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Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
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ftcopernicus |
language |
English |
description |
Clouds are assumed to play an important role in the Arctic amplification process. This motivated a detailed investigation of cloud processes, including radiative and turbulent fluxes. Data from the aircraft campaign ACLOUD were analyzed with a focus on the mean and turbulent structure of the cloudy boundary layer over the Fram Strait marginal sea ice zone in late spring and early summer 2017. Vertical profiles of turbulence moments are presented from contrasting atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs) from 4 d. They differ by the magnitude of wind speed, boundary-layer height, stability, the strength of the cloud-top radiative cooling and the number of cloud layers. Turbulence statistics up to third-order moments are presented, which were obtained from horizontal-level flights and from slanted profiles. It is shown that both of these flight patterns complement each other and form a data set that resolves the vertical structure of the ABL turbulence well. The comparison of the 4 d shows that especially during weak wind, even in shallow Arctic ABLs with mixing ratios below 3 g kg −1 , cloud-top cooling can serve as a main source of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). Well-mixed ABLs are generated where TKE is increased and vertical velocity variance shows pronounced maxima in the cloud layer. Negative vertical velocity skewness points then to upside-down convection. Turbulent heat fluxes are directed upward in the cloud layer as a result of cold downdrafts. In two cases with single-layer stratocumulus, turbulent transport of heat flux and of temperature variance are both negative in the cloud layer, suggesting an important role of large eddies. In contrast, in a case with weak cloud-top cooling, these quantities are positive in the ABL due to the heating from the surface. Based on observations and results of a mixed-layer model it is shown that the maxima of turbulent fluxes are, however, smaller than the jump of the net terrestrial radiation flux across the upper part of a cloud due to the (i) shallowness of the mixed ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Chechin, Dmitry G. Lüpkes, Christof Hartmann, Jörg Ehrlich, André Wendisch, Manfred |
spellingShingle |
Chechin, Dmitry G. Lüpkes, Christof Hartmann, Jörg Ehrlich, André Wendisch, Manfred Turbulent structure of the Arctic boundary layer in early summer driven by stability, wind shear and cloud-top radiative cooling: ACLOUD airborne observations |
author_facet |
Chechin, Dmitry G. Lüpkes, Christof Hartmann, Jörg Ehrlich, André Wendisch, Manfred |
author_sort |
Chechin, Dmitry G. |
title |
Turbulent structure of the Arctic boundary layer in early summer driven by stability, wind shear and cloud-top radiative cooling: ACLOUD airborne observations |
title_short |
Turbulent structure of the Arctic boundary layer in early summer driven by stability, wind shear and cloud-top radiative cooling: ACLOUD airborne observations |
title_full |
Turbulent structure of the Arctic boundary layer in early summer driven by stability, wind shear and cloud-top radiative cooling: ACLOUD airborne observations |
title_fullStr |
Turbulent structure of the Arctic boundary layer in early summer driven by stability, wind shear and cloud-top radiative cooling: ACLOUD airborne observations |
title_full_unstemmed |
Turbulent structure of the Arctic boundary layer in early summer driven by stability, wind shear and cloud-top radiative cooling: ACLOUD airborne observations |
title_sort |
turbulent structure of the arctic boundary layer in early summer driven by stability, wind shear and cloud-top radiative cooling: acloud airborne observations |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4685-2023 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/4685/2023/ |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Fram Strait Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Fram Strait Sea ice |
op_source |
eISSN: 1680-7324 |
op_relation |
doi:10.5194/acp-23-4685-2023 https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/4685/2023/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4685-2023 |
container_title |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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23 |
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8 |
container_start_page |
4685 |
op_container_end_page |
4707 |
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1768382898833981440 |