The traditional diet and genetic architecture of the Greenlandic Inuit and their cardiovascular effects
The traditional Greenlandic diet is unique with its high content of marine animals, which the Inuitmight have adapted to through positive selection of specific genetic variants. In addition,Greenlanders generally have a genetic architecture different from large well-studied populations,such as Europ...
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Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen
2020
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ftcopenhagenunip:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/dec684d3-4535-4756-9005-f85085840ef0 2023-05-15T16:30:58+02:00 The traditional diet and genetic architecture of the Greenlandic Inuit and their cardiovascular effects Senftleber, Ninna Karsbæk 2020 https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/the-traditional-diet-and-genetic-architecture-of-the-greenlandic-inuit-and-their-cardiovascular-effects(dec684d3-4535-4756-9005-f85085840ef0).html https://soeg.kb.dk/permalink/45KBDK_KGL/1pioq0f/alma99123801505805763 eng eng Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Senftleber , N K 2020 , The traditional diet and genetic architecture of the Greenlandic Inuit and their cardiovascular effects . Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen . < https://soeg.kb.dk/permalink/45KBDK_KGL/1pioq0f/alma99123801505805763 > book 2020 ftcopenhagenunip 2021-09-23T18:30:40Z The traditional Greenlandic diet is unique with its high content of marine animals, which the Inuitmight have adapted to through positive selection of specific genetic variants. In addition,Greenlanders generally have a genetic architecture different from large well-studied populations,such as Europeans, due to their unique demographic history. The modern Greenlandic population isexperiencing a transition towards a western lifestyle and a heavy burden of lifestyle diseases. Thisthesis sought to investigate the role of diet and genetics in cardiovascular disease (CVD) inGreenland and the role of diet in the genetic adaptation.In the first paper, we addressed the old hypothesis of the Inuit being protected from CVD by the high intake of long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from marine animals. We found no association between blood cell membrane levels of two LC n-3 PUFAs and incident CVD and we had power to reject large effect sizes of LC n-3 PUFA. Hence, the LC n-3 PUFAs do not seem to be the most important factor in managing the CVD burden. In the second paper, we wanted to investigate what in the traditional Inuit diet that might have been driving the selection of the Inuit specific CPT1A variant rs80356779. We found that increasing intake of traditional foods was associated with a larger effect of the variant on 22:5 n-3 levels. Hence, when the Inuit years ago were living exclusively on traditional foods, the consequence of carrying the selected variant might mainly have been on 22:5 n-3 levels and we therefore considerthis fatty acid to have been important for the positive selection. In the third project we performed a genome-wide association study to identify variants associated with lipid levels in Greenlanders. We found an independent signal in the PCSK9 locus associated with LDL- and total cholesterol, and found our top genetic variants of the signal to be strongly associated with PCSK9 expression. We discuss good candidates for a causal variant. Furthermore, we constructed a simple genetic risk score and found these to explain a large proportion of the variance in the lipid traits and some to be associated with CVD. Together, the papers highlight the large impact of genetics specific to the Greenlandic population and the importance of taking both environment and genetics into account. Hence, we cannot solely rely on studies of e.g. European populations when forming a basis for disease prevention and/or treatment in the Greenlandic population. Book greenlander* greenlandic inuit University of Copenhagen: Research |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Copenhagen: Research |
op_collection_id |
ftcopenhagenunip |
language |
English |
description |
The traditional Greenlandic diet is unique with its high content of marine animals, which the Inuitmight have adapted to through positive selection of specific genetic variants. In addition,Greenlanders generally have a genetic architecture different from large well-studied populations,such as Europeans, due to their unique demographic history. The modern Greenlandic population isexperiencing a transition towards a western lifestyle and a heavy burden of lifestyle diseases. Thisthesis sought to investigate the role of diet and genetics in cardiovascular disease (CVD) inGreenland and the role of diet in the genetic adaptation.In the first paper, we addressed the old hypothesis of the Inuit being protected from CVD by the high intake of long-chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from marine animals. We found no association between blood cell membrane levels of two LC n-3 PUFAs and incident CVD and we had power to reject large effect sizes of LC n-3 PUFA. Hence, the LC n-3 PUFAs do not seem to be the most important factor in managing the CVD burden. In the second paper, we wanted to investigate what in the traditional Inuit diet that might have been driving the selection of the Inuit specific CPT1A variant rs80356779. We found that increasing intake of traditional foods was associated with a larger effect of the variant on 22:5 n-3 levels. Hence, when the Inuit years ago were living exclusively on traditional foods, the consequence of carrying the selected variant might mainly have been on 22:5 n-3 levels and we therefore considerthis fatty acid to have been important for the positive selection. In the third project we performed a genome-wide association study to identify variants associated with lipid levels in Greenlanders. We found an independent signal in the PCSK9 locus associated with LDL- and total cholesterol, and found our top genetic variants of the signal to be strongly associated with PCSK9 expression. We discuss good candidates for a causal variant. Furthermore, we constructed a simple genetic risk score and found these to explain a large proportion of the variance in the lipid traits and some to be associated with CVD. Together, the papers highlight the large impact of genetics specific to the Greenlandic population and the importance of taking both environment and genetics into account. Hence, we cannot solely rely on studies of e.g. European populations when forming a basis for disease prevention and/or treatment in the Greenlandic population. |
format |
Book |
author |
Senftleber, Ninna Karsbæk |
spellingShingle |
Senftleber, Ninna Karsbæk The traditional diet and genetic architecture of the Greenlandic Inuit and their cardiovascular effects |
author_facet |
Senftleber, Ninna Karsbæk |
author_sort |
Senftleber, Ninna Karsbæk |
title |
The traditional diet and genetic architecture of the Greenlandic Inuit and their cardiovascular effects |
title_short |
The traditional diet and genetic architecture of the Greenlandic Inuit and their cardiovascular effects |
title_full |
The traditional diet and genetic architecture of the Greenlandic Inuit and their cardiovascular effects |
title_fullStr |
The traditional diet and genetic architecture of the Greenlandic Inuit and their cardiovascular effects |
title_full_unstemmed |
The traditional diet and genetic architecture of the Greenlandic Inuit and their cardiovascular effects |
title_sort |
traditional diet and genetic architecture of the greenlandic inuit and their cardiovascular effects |
publisher |
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/the-traditional-diet-and-genetic-architecture-of-the-greenlandic-inuit-and-their-cardiovascular-effects(dec684d3-4535-4756-9005-f85085840ef0).html https://soeg.kb.dk/permalink/45KBDK_KGL/1pioq0f/alma99123801505805763 |
genre |
greenlander* greenlandic inuit |
genre_facet |
greenlander* greenlandic inuit |
op_source |
Senftleber , N K 2020 , The traditional diet and genetic architecture of the Greenlandic Inuit and their cardiovascular effects . Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen . < https://soeg.kb.dk/permalink/45KBDK_KGL/1pioq0f/alma99123801505805763 > |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
_version_ |
1766020785405689856 |