Extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers
Introduction: The cardiac electrical conduction system is very sensitive to hypoglycemia and hypoxia, and the consequence may be brady-arrythmias. Weddell seals endure brady-arrythmias during their dives when desaturating to 3.2 kPa and elite breath-hold-divers (BHD), who share metabolic and cardiov...
Published in: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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2021
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Online Access: | https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/extreme-hypoxia-causing-bradyarrythmias-during-apnea-in-elite-breathhold-divers(ae05c899-4d4b-4475-a981-76c1ff2da888).html https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573 https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/287692202/Kjeld_et_al_Frontiers_in_Physiology_2021_Vol_12_e712573.pdf |
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ftcopenhagenunip:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/ae05c899-4d4b-4475-a981-76c1ff2da888 2024-05-19T07:49:52+00:00 Extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers Kjeld, Thomas Isbrand, Anders Brenøe Linnet, Katrine Zerahn, Bo Højberg, Jens Hansen, Egon Godthaab Gormsen, Lars Christian Bejder, Jacob Krag, Thomas Vissing, John Bøtker, Hans Erik Arendrup, Henrik Christian 2021 application/pdf https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/extreme-hypoxia-causing-bradyarrythmias-during-apnea-in-elite-breathhold-divers(ae05c899-4d4b-4475-a981-76c1ff2da888).html https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573 https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/287692202/Kjeld_et_al_Frontiers_in_Physiology_2021_Vol_12_e712573.pdf eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Kjeld , T , Isbrand , A B , Linnet , K , Zerahn , B , Højberg , J , Hansen , E G , Gormsen , L C , Bejder , J , Krag , T , Vissing , J , Bøtker , H E & Arendrup , H C 2021 , ' Extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers ' , Frontiers in Physiology , vol. 12 , 712573 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573 /dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/TheFacultyOfScience Faculty of Science Junctional rhythm Brady-arrythmia Free-diving Invasive blood pressure hypoxia induced factor-1 (HIF-1) Atrioventricular block Apnea and face immersion Bradycardia article 2021 ftcopenhagenunip https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573 2024-05-02T00:33:15Z Introduction: The cardiac electrical conduction system is very sensitive to hypoglycemia and hypoxia, and the consequence may be brady-arrythmias. Weddell seals endure brady-arrythmias during their dives when desaturating to 3.2 kPa and elite breath-hold-divers (BHD), who share metabolic and cardiovascular adaptions including bradycardia with diving mammals, endure similar desaturation during maximum apnea. We hypothesized that hypoxia causes brady-arrythmias during maximum apnea in elite BHD. Hence, this study aimed to define the arterial blood glucose (Glu), peripheral saturation (SAT), heart rhythm (HR), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of elite BHD during maximum apneas. Methods: HR was monitored with Direct-Current-Pads/ECG-lead-II and MAP and Glu from a radial arterial-catheter in nine BHD performing an immersed and head-down maximal static pool apnea after three warm-up apneas. SAT was monitored with a sensor on the neck of the subjects. On a separate day, a 12-lead-ECG-monitored maximum static apnea was repeated dry ( n = 6). Results: During pool apnea of maximum duration (385 ± 70 s), SAT decreased from 99.6 ± 0.5 to 58.5 ± 5.5% (∼PaO 2 4.8 ± 1.5 kPa, P < 0.001), while Glu increased from 5.8 ± 0.2 to 6.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l ( P = 0.009). MAP increased from 103 ± 4 to 155 ± 6 mm Hg ( P < 0.005). HR decreased to 46 ± 10 from 86 ± 14 beats/minute ( P < 0.001). HR and MAP were unchanged after 3-4 min of apnea. During dry apnea (378 ± 31 s), HR decreased from 55 ± 4 to 40 ± 3 beats/minute ( P = 0.031). Atrioventricular dissociation and junctional rhythm were observed both during pool and dry apneas. Conclusion: Our findings contrast with previous studies concluding that Glu decreases during apnea diving. We conclude during maximum apnea in elite BHD that (1) the diving reflex is maximized after 3-4 min, (2) increasing Glu may indicate lactate metabolism in accordance with our previous results, and (3) extreme hypoxia rather than hypoglycemia causes brady-arrythmias in elite BHD similar to diving ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Weddell Seals University of Copenhagen: Research Frontiers in Physiology 12 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Copenhagen: Research |
op_collection_id |
ftcopenhagenunip |
language |
English |
topic |
/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/TheFacultyOfScience Faculty of Science Junctional rhythm Brady-arrythmia Free-diving Invasive blood pressure hypoxia induced factor-1 (HIF-1) Atrioventricular block Apnea and face immersion Bradycardia |
spellingShingle |
/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/TheFacultyOfScience Faculty of Science Junctional rhythm Brady-arrythmia Free-diving Invasive blood pressure hypoxia induced factor-1 (HIF-1) Atrioventricular block Apnea and face immersion Bradycardia Kjeld, Thomas Isbrand, Anders Brenøe Linnet, Katrine Zerahn, Bo Højberg, Jens Hansen, Egon Godthaab Gormsen, Lars Christian Bejder, Jacob Krag, Thomas Vissing, John Bøtker, Hans Erik Arendrup, Henrik Christian Extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers |
topic_facet |
/dk/atira/pure/core/keywords/TheFacultyOfScience Faculty of Science Junctional rhythm Brady-arrythmia Free-diving Invasive blood pressure hypoxia induced factor-1 (HIF-1) Atrioventricular block Apnea and face immersion Bradycardia |
description |
Introduction: The cardiac electrical conduction system is very sensitive to hypoglycemia and hypoxia, and the consequence may be brady-arrythmias. Weddell seals endure brady-arrythmias during their dives when desaturating to 3.2 kPa and elite breath-hold-divers (BHD), who share metabolic and cardiovascular adaptions including bradycardia with diving mammals, endure similar desaturation during maximum apnea. We hypothesized that hypoxia causes brady-arrythmias during maximum apnea in elite BHD. Hence, this study aimed to define the arterial blood glucose (Glu), peripheral saturation (SAT), heart rhythm (HR), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) of elite BHD during maximum apneas. Methods: HR was monitored with Direct-Current-Pads/ECG-lead-II and MAP and Glu from a radial arterial-catheter in nine BHD performing an immersed and head-down maximal static pool apnea after three warm-up apneas. SAT was monitored with a sensor on the neck of the subjects. On a separate day, a 12-lead-ECG-monitored maximum static apnea was repeated dry ( n = 6). Results: During pool apnea of maximum duration (385 ± 70 s), SAT decreased from 99.6 ± 0.5 to 58.5 ± 5.5% (∼PaO 2 4.8 ± 1.5 kPa, P < 0.001), while Glu increased from 5.8 ± 0.2 to 6.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l ( P = 0.009). MAP increased from 103 ± 4 to 155 ± 6 mm Hg ( P < 0.005). HR decreased to 46 ± 10 from 86 ± 14 beats/minute ( P < 0.001). HR and MAP were unchanged after 3-4 min of apnea. During dry apnea (378 ± 31 s), HR decreased from 55 ± 4 to 40 ± 3 beats/minute ( P = 0.031). Atrioventricular dissociation and junctional rhythm were observed both during pool and dry apneas. Conclusion: Our findings contrast with previous studies concluding that Glu decreases during apnea diving. We conclude during maximum apnea in elite BHD that (1) the diving reflex is maximized after 3-4 min, (2) increasing Glu may indicate lactate metabolism in accordance with our previous results, and (3) extreme hypoxia rather than hypoglycemia causes brady-arrythmias in elite BHD similar to diving ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Kjeld, Thomas Isbrand, Anders Brenøe Linnet, Katrine Zerahn, Bo Højberg, Jens Hansen, Egon Godthaab Gormsen, Lars Christian Bejder, Jacob Krag, Thomas Vissing, John Bøtker, Hans Erik Arendrup, Henrik Christian |
author_facet |
Kjeld, Thomas Isbrand, Anders Brenøe Linnet, Katrine Zerahn, Bo Højberg, Jens Hansen, Egon Godthaab Gormsen, Lars Christian Bejder, Jacob Krag, Thomas Vissing, John Bøtker, Hans Erik Arendrup, Henrik Christian |
author_sort |
Kjeld, Thomas |
title |
Extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers |
title_short |
Extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers |
title_full |
Extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers |
title_fullStr |
Extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers |
title_sort |
extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/extreme-hypoxia-causing-bradyarrythmias-during-apnea-in-elite-breathhold-divers(ae05c899-4d4b-4475-a981-76c1ff2da888).html https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573 https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/287692202/Kjeld_et_al_Frontiers_in_Physiology_2021_Vol_12_e712573.pdf |
genre |
Weddell Seals |
genre_facet |
Weddell Seals |
op_source |
Kjeld , T , Isbrand , A B , Linnet , K , Zerahn , B , Højberg , J , Hansen , E G , Gormsen , L C , Bejder , J , Krag , T , Vissing , J , Bøtker , H E & Arendrup , H C 2021 , ' Extreme hypoxia causing brady-arrythmias during apnea in elite breath-hold divers ' , Frontiers in Physiology , vol. 12 , 712573 . https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.712573 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Physiology |
container_volume |
12 |
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1799468436107034624 |