Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication
The domestication of the horse ∼5.5 kya and the emergence of mounted riding, chariotry, and cavalry dramatically transformed human civilization. However, the genetics underlying horse domestication are difficult to reconstruct, given the near extinction of wild horses. We therefore sequenced two anc...
Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2014
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/prehistoric-genomes-reveal-the-genetic-foundation-and-cost-of-horse-domestication(78ebdd4b-229b-4fcc-a685-43294a0b0efa).html https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416991111 |
id |
ftcopenhagenunip:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/78ebdd4b-229b-4fcc-a685-43294a0b0efa |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftcopenhagenunip:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/78ebdd4b-229b-4fcc-a685-43294a0b0efa 2024-05-12T08:11:53+00:00 Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Chang, Dan Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Ginolhac, Aurélien Albrechtsen, Anders Dupanloup, Isabelle Foucal, Adrien Petersen, Bent Fumagalli, Matteo Raghavan, Maanasa Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand Velazquez, Amhed M.V. Stenderup, Jesper Hoover, Cindi A Rubin, Carl-Johan Alfarhan, Ahmed H Alquraishi, Saleh A Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S MacHugh, David E Kalbfleisch, Ted MacLeod, James N Rubin, Edward M Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Andersson, Leif Hofreiter, Michael Marques-Bonet, Tomas Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Nielsen, Rasmus Excoffier, Laurent Willerslev, Eske Shapiro, Beth Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre 2014 https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/prehistoric-genomes-reveal-the-genetic-foundation-and-cost-of-horse-domestication(78ebdd4b-229b-4fcc-a685-43294a0b0efa).html https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416991111 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Schubert , M , Jónsson , H , Chang , D , Der Sarkissian , C , Ermini , L , Ginolhac , A , Albrechtsen , A , Dupanloup , I , Foucal , A , Petersen , B , Fumagalli , M , Raghavan , M , Seguin-Orlando , A , Korneliussen , T S , Velazquez , A M V , Stenderup , J , Hoover , C A , Rubin , C-J , Alfarhan , A H , Alquraishi , S A , Al-Rasheid , K A S , MacHugh , D E , Kalbfleisch , T , MacLeod , J N , Rubin , E M , Sicheritz-Ponten , T , Andersson , L , Hofreiter , M , Marques-Bonet , T , Gilbert , M T P , Nielsen , R , Excoffier , L , Willerslev , E , Shapiro , B & Orlando , L A A 2014 , ' Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 111 , no. 52 , pp. E5661–E5669 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416991111 article 2014 ftcopenhagenunip https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416991111 2024-04-18T00:28:12Z The domestication of the horse ∼5.5 kya and the emergence of mounted riding, chariotry, and cavalry dramatically transformed human civilization. However, the genetics underlying horse domestication are difficult to reconstruct, given the near extinction of wild horses. We therefore sequenced two ancient horse genomes from Taymyr, Russia (at 7.4- and 24.3-fold coverage), both predating the earliest archeological evidence of domestication. We compared these genomes with genomes of domesticated horses and the wild Przewalski's horse and found genetic structure within Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene, with the ancient population contributing significantly to the genetic variation of domesticated breeds. We furthermore identified a conservative set of 125 potential domestication targets using four complementary scans for genes that have undergone positive selection. One group of genes is involved in muscular and limb development, articular junctions, and the cardiac system, and may represent physiological adaptations to human utilization. A second group consists of genes with cognitive functions, including social behavior, learning capabilities, fear response, and agreeableness, which may have been key for taming horses. We also found that domestication is associated with inbreeding and an excess of deleterious mutations. This genetic load is in line with the "cost of domestication" hypothesis also reported for rice, tomatoes, and dogs, and it is generally attributed to the relaxation of purifying selection resulting from the strong demographic bottlenecks accompanying domestication. Our work demonstrates the power of ancient genomes to reconstruct the complex genetic changes that transformed wild animals into their domesticated forms, and the population context in which this process took place. Article in Journal/Newspaper Taymyr University of Copenhagen: Research Kya ENVELOPE(8.308,8.308,63.772,63.772) Taymyr ENVELOPE(89.987,89.987,68.219,68.219) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111 52 E5661 E5669 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Copenhagen: Research |
op_collection_id |
ftcopenhagenunip |
language |
English |
description |
The domestication of the horse ∼5.5 kya and the emergence of mounted riding, chariotry, and cavalry dramatically transformed human civilization. However, the genetics underlying horse domestication are difficult to reconstruct, given the near extinction of wild horses. We therefore sequenced two ancient horse genomes from Taymyr, Russia (at 7.4- and 24.3-fold coverage), both predating the earliest archeological evidence of domestication. We compared these genomes with genomes of domesticated horses and the wild Przewalski's horse and found genetic structure within Eurasia in the Late Pleistocene, with the ancient population contributing significantly to the genetic variation of domesticated breeds. We furthermore identified a conservative set of 125 potential domestication targets using four complementary scans for genes that have undergone positive selection. One group of genes is involved in muscular and limb development, articular junctions, and the cardiac system, and may represent physiological adaptations to human utilization. A second group consists of genes with cognitive functions, including social behavior, learning capabilities, fear response, and agreeableness, which may have been key for taming horses. We also found that domestication is associated with inbreeding and an excess of deleterious mutations. This genetic load is in line with the "cost of domestication" hypothesis also reported for rice, tomatoes, and dogs, and it is generally attributed to the relaxation of purifying selection resulting from the strong demographic bottlenecks accompanying domestication. Our work demonstrates the power of ancient genomes to reconstruct the complex genetic changes that transformed wild animals into their domesticated forms, and the population context in which this process took place. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Chang, Dan Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Ginolhac, Aurélien Albrechtsen, Anders Dupanloup, Isabelle Foucal, Adrien Petersen, Bent Fumagalli, Matteo Raghavan, Maanasa Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand Velazquez, Amhed M.V. Stenderup, Jesper Hoover, Cindi A Rubin, Carl-Johan Alfarhan, Ahmed H Alquraishi, Saleh A Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S MacHugh, David E Kalbfleisch, Ted MacLeod, James N Rubin, Edward M Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Andersson, Leif Hofreiter, Michael Marques-Bonet, Tomas Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Nielsen, Rasmus Excoffier, Laurent Willerslev, Eske Shapiro, Beth Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre |
spellingShingle |
Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Chang, Dan Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Ginolhac, Aurélien Albrechtsen, Anders Dupanloup, Isabelle Foucal, Adrien Petersen, Bent Fumagalli, Matteo Raghavan, Maanasa Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand Velazquez, Amhed M.V. Stenderup, Jesper Hoover, Cindi A Rubin, Carl-Johan Alfarhan, Ahmed H Alquraishi, Saleh A Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S MacHugh, David E Kalbfleisch, Ted MacLeod, James N Rubin, Edward M Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Andersson, Leif Hofreiter, Michael Marques-Bonet, Tomas Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Nielsen, Rasmus Excoffier, Laurent Willerslev, Eske Shapiro, Beth Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication |
author_facet |
Schubert, Mikkel Jónsson, Hákon Chang, Dan Der Sarkissian, Clio Ermini, Luca Ginolhac, Aurélien Albrechtsen, Anders Dupanloup, Isabelle Foucal, Adrien Petersen, Bent Fumagalli, Matteo Raghavan, Maanasa Seguin-Orlando, Andaine Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand Velazquez, Amhed M.V. Stenderup, Jesper Hoover, Cindi A Rubin, Carl-Johan Alfarhan, Ahmed H Alquraishi, Saleh A Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S MacHugh, David E Kalbfleisch, Ted MacLeod, James N Rubin, Edward M Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas Andersson, Leif Hofreiter, Michael Marques-Bonet, Tomas Gilbert, M. Thomas P. Nielsen, Rasmus Excoffier, Laurent Willerslev, Eske Shapiro, Beth Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre |
author_sort |
Schubert, Mikkel |
title |
Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication |
title_short |
Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication |
title_full |
Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication |
title_fullStr |
Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication |
title_full_unstemmed |
Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication |
title_sort |
prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/prehistoric-genomes-reveal-the-genetic-foundation-and-cost-of-horse-domestication(78ebdd4b-229b-4fcc-a685-43294a0b0efa).html https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416991111 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(8.308,8.308,63.772,63.772) ENVELOPE(89.987,89.987,68.219,68.219) |
geographic |
Kya Taymyr |
geographic_facet |
Kya Taymyr |
genre |
Taymyr |
genre_facet |
Taymyr |
op_source |
Schubert , M , Jónsson , H , Chang , D , Der Sarkissian , C , Ermini , L , Ginolhac , A , Albrechtsen , A , Dupanloup , I , Foucal , A , Petersen , B , Fumagalli , M , Raghavan , M , Seguin-Orlando , A , Korneliussen , T S , Velazquez , A M V , Stenderup , J , Hoover , C A , Rubin , C-J , Alfarhan , A H , Alquraishi , S A , Al-Rasheid , K A S , MacHugh , D E , Kalbfleisch , T , MacLeod , J N , Rubin , E M , Sicheritz-Ponten , T , Andersson , L , Hofreiter , M , Marques-Bonet , T , Gilbert , M T P , Nielsen , R , Excoffier , L , Willerslev , E , Shapiro , B & Orlando , L A A 2014 , ' Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication ' , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol. 111 , no. 52 , pp. E5661–E5669 . https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416991111 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416991111 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
111 |
container_issue |
52 |
container_start_page |
E5661 |
op_container_end_page |
E5669 |
_version_ |
1798834110128455680 |