Population dynamical responses to climate change

• Main Authors: Forchhammer, Mads, Schmidt, Niels Martin, Høye, Toke Thomas, Berg, Thomas B, Hendrichsen, Ditte Katrine, Jeppesen, Erik, Post, Eric
• Other Authors: Meltofte, Hans, Christensen, Torben, Elberling, Bo, Rasch, Morten
• Format: Book Part
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2008
• Subjects: Arctic; Alopex lagopus; Arctic Fox; Arenaria interpres; Calidris alba; Calidris alpina; Calidris canutus; Charadrius hiaticula; Climate change; Common Ringed Plover; Dicrostonyx groenlandicus; Long-tailed Skua; musk ox; Mustela erminea; ovibos moschatus; Red Knot; Ringed Plover; Ruddy Turnstone; Stercorarius longicaudus; Zackenberg; Sanderling
• Online Access: https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/population-dynamical-responses-to-climate-change(6b71e840-9e7d-11dc-bee9-02004c4f4f50).html

it is well established that climatic as well as biological factors, in concert, form the mechanistic basis for our understanding of how populations develop over time and across space. Although this seemingly suggests simplicity, the climate-biology dichotomy of population dynamics embraces a bewildering number of interactions. For example, individuals within a population may compete for space and other resources and, being embedded in an ecosystem, individuals in any population may also interact with individuals of competing species as well as those from adjacent trophic levels. In principal, the effects of climate change may potentially extend through any of these interactions. In this chapter, we focus on the extent to which evolutionarily distinct species at different trophic levels respond to similar changes in climate. By using a broad spectrum of statistically and ecologically founded approaches, we analyse concurrently the influence of climatic variability and trophic interactions on the temporal population dynamics of species in the terrestrial vertebrate community at Zackenberg. We describe and contrast the population dynamics of three predator species (arctic fox Alopex lagopus, stoat Mustela erminea and long-tailed skua Stercorarius longicaudus), two herbivore species (collared lemming Dicrostonyx groenlandicus and musk ox Ovibos moschatus) and five wader species (common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, red knot Calidris canutus, sanderling Calidris alba, dunlin, Calidris alpina and ruddy turnstone Arenaria interpres) with respect to intra-specific density dependence, consumer-resource interactions and direct as well as indirect inter-trophic level mediated effects of varying snow-cover. We found that the temporal population dynamics of all three predators, both herbivores and three out of five wader species, displayed significant direct density dependence. Only two species (sanderling and long-tailed skua) displayed dynamics characterised by delayed density dependence. The direct effects of ...