Winters are changing:snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems
Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current k...
Published in: | Arctic Science |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2022
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Online Access: | https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/winters-are-changing(0b70fd46-d371-425e-a0d9-26b21904980e).html https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/327143092/Winters_are_changing.pdf |
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Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes, and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow experimental manipulation studies to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of tundra snow studies has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. Specifically, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by snow addition and snow removal manipulations (average 7.9 days advance and 5.5 days delay, respectively) were substantially lower than the temporal variation over natural spatial gradients within a given year (mean range 56 days) or among years (mean range 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha M. Anderson, Jill T. Arnold, Pieter A. Barrio, Isabel C Bjerke, Jarle W. Björkman, Mats P. Blok, Daan Blume-Werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper T. Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cornelissen, J. Hans C. Coulson, Stephen J. Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah C. Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T’ai G.w. Frei, Esther R. Geange, Sonya R. Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Halbritter, Aud Helen Harte, John Henry, Gregory H.R. Inouye, David W. Irwin, Rebecca E. Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H. Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas J. Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte M.R. Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-smith, Isla H. Olofsson, Johan Paavola, Riku Petraglia, Alessandro Phoenix, Gareth K. Semenchuk, Philipp Siewert, Matthias B. Slatyer, Rachel Spasojevic, Marko J. Suding, Katharine Sullivan, Patrick Thompson, Kimberly L. Väisänen, Maria Vandvik, Vigdis Venn, Susanna Walz, Josefine Way, Robert Welker, Jeffrey M. Wipf, Sonja Zong, Shengwei |
spellingShingle |
Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha M. Anderson, Jill T. Arnold, Pieter A. Barrio, Isabel C Bjerke, Jarle W. Björkman, Mats P. Blok, Daan Blume-Werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper T. Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cornelissen, J. Hans C. Coulson, Stephen J. Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah C. Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T’ai G.w. Frei, Esther R. Geange, Sonya R. Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Halbritter, Aud Helen Harte, John Henry, Gregory H.R. Inouye, David W. Irwin, Rebecca E. Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H. Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas J. Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte M.R. Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-smith, Isla H. Olofsson, Johan Paavola, Riku Petraglia, Alessandro Phoenix, Gareth K. Semenchuk, Philipp Siewert, Matthias B. Slatyer, Rachel Spasojevic, Marko J. Suding, Katharine Sullivan, Patrick Thompson, Kimberly L. Väisänen, Maria Vandvik, Vigdis Venn, Susanna Walz, Josefine Way, Robert Welker, Jeffrey M. Wipf, Sonja Zong, Shengwei Winters are changing:snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
author_facet |
Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha M. Anderson, Jill T. Arnold, Pieter A. Barrio, Isabel C Bjerke, Jarle W. Björkman, Mats P. Blok, Daan Blume-Werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper T. Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cornelissen, J. Hans C. Coulson, Stephen J. Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah C. Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T’ai G.w. Frei, Esther R. Geange, Sonya R. Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Halbritter, Aud Helen Harte, John Henry, Gregory H.R. Inouye, David W. Irwin, Rebecca E. Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H. Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas J. Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte M.R. Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-smith, Isla H. Olofsson, Johan Paavola, Riku Petraglia, Alessandro Phoenix, Gareth K. Semenchuk, Philipp Siewert, Matthias B. Slatyer, Rachel Spasojevic, Marko J. Suding, Katharine Sullivan, Patrick Thompson, Kimberly L. Väisänen, Maria Vandvik, Vigdis Venn, Susanna Walz, Josefine Way, Robert Welker, Jeffrey M. Wipf, Sonja Zong, Shengwei |
author_sort |
Rixen, Christian |
title |
Winters are changing:snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_short |
Winters are changing:snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_full |
Winters are changing:snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_fullStr |
Winters are changing:snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Winters are changing:snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
title_sort |
winters are changing:snow effects on arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/winters-are-changing(0b70fd46-d371-425e-a0d9-26b21904980e).html https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/327143092/Winters_are_changing.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Arctic permafrost Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic permafrost Tundra |
op_source |
Rixen , C , Høye , T T , Macek , P , Aerts , R , Alatalo , J M , Anderson , J T , Arnold , P A , Barrio , I C , Bjerke , J W , Björkman , M P , Blok , D , Blume-Werry , G , Boike , J , Bokhorst , S , Carbognani , M , Christiansen , C T , Convey , P , Cooper , E J , Cornelissen , J H C , Coulson , S J , Dorrepaal , E , Elberling , B , Elmendorf , S C , Elphinstone , C , Forte , T G W , Frei , E R , Geange , S R , Gehrmann , F , Gibson , C , Grogan , P , Halbritter , A H , Harte , J , Henry , G H R , Inouye , D W , Irwin , R E , Jespersen , G , Jónsdóttir , I S , Jung , J Y , Klinges , D H , Kudo , G , Lämsä , J , Lee , H , Lembrechts , J J , Lett , S , Lynn , J S , Mann , H M R , Mastepanov , M , Morse , J , Myers-smith , I H , Olofsson , J , Paavola , R , Petraglia , A , Phoenix , G K , Semenchuk , P , Siewert , M B , Slatyer , R , Spasojevic , M J , Suding , K , Sullivan , P , Thompson , K L , Väisänen , M , Vandvik , V , Venn , S , Walz , J , Way , R , Welker , J M , Wipf , S & Zong , S 2022 , ' Winters are changing : snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems ' , Arctic Science , vol. 8 , no. 3 , pp. 572–608 . https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 |
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Arctic Science |
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ftcopenhagenunip:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/0b70fd46-d371-425e-a0d9-26b21904980e 2024-06-09T07:42:36+00:00 Winters are changing:snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems Rixen, Christian Høye, Toke Thomas Macek, Petr Aerts, Rien Alatalo, Juha M. Anderson, Jill T. Arnold, Pieter A. Barrio, Isabel C Bjerke, Jarle W. Björkman, Mats P. Blok, Daan Blume-Werry, Gesche Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Carbognani, Michele Christiansen, Casper T. Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cornelissen, J. Hans C. Coulson, Stephen J. Dorrepaal, Ellen Elberling, Bo Elmendorf, Sarah C. Elphinstone, Cassandra Forte, T’ai G.w. Frei, Esther R. Geange, Sonya R. Gehrmann, Friederike Gibson, Casey Grogan, Paul Halbritter, Aud Helen Harte, John Henry, Gregory H.R. Inouye, David W. Irwin, Rebecca E. Jespersen, Gus Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala Jung, Ji Young Klinges, David H. Kudo, Gaku Lämsä, Juho Lee, Hanna Lembrechts, Jonas J. Lett, Signe Lynn, Joshua Scott Mann, Hjalte M.R. Mastepanov, Mikhail Morse, Jennifer Myers-smith, Isla H. Olofsson, Johan Paavola, Riku Petraglia, Alessandro Phoenix, Gareth K. Semenchuk, Philipp Siewert, Matthias B. Slatyer, Rachel Spasojevic, Marko J. Suding, Katharine Sullivan, Patrick Thompson, Kimberly L. Väisänen, Maria Vandvik, Vigdis Venn, Susanna Walz, Josefine Way, Robert Welker, Jeffrey M. Wipf, Sonja Zong, Shengwei 2022 application/pdf https://curis.ku.dk/portal/da/publications/winters-are-changing(0b70fd46-d371-425e-a0d9-26b21904980e).html https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 https://curis.ku.dk/ws/files/327143092/Winters_are_changing.pdf eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Rixen , C , Høye , T T , Macek , P , Aerts , R , Alatalo , J M , Anderson , J T , Arnold , P A , Barrio , I C , Bjerke , J W , Björkman , M P , Blok , D , Blume-Werry , G , Boike , J , Bokhorst , S , Carbognani , M , Christiansen , C T , Convey , P , Cooper , E J , Cornelissen , J H C , Coulson , S J , Dorrepaal , E , Elberling , B , Elmendorf , S C , Elphinstone , C , Forte , T G W , Frei , E R , Geange , S R , Gehrmann , F , Gibson , C , Grogan , P , Halbritter , A H , Harte , J , Henry , G H R , Inouye , D W , Irwin , R E , Jespersen , G , Jónsdóttir , I S , Jung , J Y , Klinges , D H , Kudo , G , Lämsä , J , Lee , H , Lembrechts , J J , Lett , S , Lynn , J S , Mann , H M R , Mastepanov , M , Morse , J , Myers-smith , I H , Olofsson , J , Paavola , R , Petraglia , A , Phoenix , G K , Semenchuk , P , Siewert , M B , Slatyer , R , Spasojevic , M J , Suding , K , Sullivan , P , Thompson , K L , Väisänen , M , Vandvik , V , Venn , S , Walz , J , Way , R , Welker , J M , Wipf , S & Zong , S 2022 , ' Winters are changing : snow effects on Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems ' , Arctic Science , vol. 8 , no. 3 , pp. 572–608 . https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 article 2022 ftcopenhagenunip https://doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0058 2024-05-16T11:29:24Z Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It also affects the growing season’s start and end, and plant access to moisture and nutrients. Here, we review the current knowledge of the snow cover’s role for vegetation, plant-animal interactions, permafrost conditions, microbial processes, and biogeochemical cycling. We also compare studies of natural snow gradients with snow experimental manipulation studies to assess time scale difference of these approaches. The number of tundra snow studies has increased considerably in recent years, yet we still lack a comprehensive overview of how altered snow conditions will affect these ecosystems. Specifically, we found a mismatch in the timing of snowmelt when comparing studies of natural snow gradients with snow manipulations. We found that snowmelt timing achieved by snow addition and snow removal manipulations (average 7.9 days advance and 5.5 days delay, respectively) were substantially lower than the temporal variation over natural spatial gradients within a given year (mean range 56 days) or among years (mean range 32 days). Differences between snow study approaches need to be accounted for when projecting snow dynamics and their impact on ecosystems in future climates. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic permafrost Tundra University of Copenhagen: Research Arctic Arctic Science 8 3 572 608 |