Shipboard wave measurements in the Southern Ocean

• Main Authors: Lund, Björn, Zappa, Christopher J., Graber, Hans C., Cifuentes-Lorenzen, Alejandro
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2017
• Subjects: Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Surface waves (Oceanography); Surface waves (Oceanography) > Spectra; Surface waves (Oceanography) > Measurement; Oceanography; Southern Ocean
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.7916/dte0-a862

Surface wave measurements from ships pose difficulties because of motion contamination. Cifuentes-Lorenzen et al. analyzed laser altimeter and marine X-band radar (MR) wave measurements from the Southern Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment (SOGasEx). They found that wave measurements from both sensors deteriorate precipitously at ship speeds 3 m s−1. This study demonstrates that MR can yield accurate wave frequency–direction spectra independent of ship motion. It is based on the same shipborne SOGasEx wave data but uses the MR wave retrieval method proposed by Lund et al. and a novel empirical transfer function (ETF). The ETF eliminates biases in the MR wave spectra by redistributing energy from low to high frequencies. The resulting MR wave frequency–direction spectra are shown to agree well with laser altimeter wave frequency spectra from times when the ship was near stationary and with WAVEWATCH III (WW3) model wave parameters over the full study period.