Sea2Cloud: From Biogenic Emission Fluxes to Cloud Properties in the Southwest Pacific

• Published in: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
• Main Authors: Sellegri, Karine, Harvey, Mike, Peltola, Maija, Saint-Macary, Alexia, Barthelmeß, Theresa, Rocco, Manon, Moore, Kathryn, A., Cristi, Antonia, Peyrin, Frederic, Barr, Neill, Labonnote, Laurent, Marriner, Andrew, Mcgregor, John, Safi, Karl, Deppeler, Stacy, Archer, Stephen, Dunne, Erin, Harnwell, James, Delanoë, Julien, Freney, Evelyn, Rose, Clémence, Bazantay, Clément, Planche, Céline, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Quintanilla-López, Jesús, E, Lebrón-Aguilar, Rosa, Rinaldi, Matteo, Banson, Sandra, Joseph, Romain, Lupascu, Aurelia, Jourdan, Olivier, Mioche, Guillaume, Colomb, Aurélie, Olivares, Gus, Querel, Richard, Mcdonald, Adrian, Plank, Graeme, Bukosa, Beata, Dillon, Wayne, Pelon, Jacques, Baray, Jean-Luc, Tridon, Frederic, Donnadieu, Franck, Szczap, Frédéric, Engel, Anja, Demott, Paul, J, Law, Cliff, S.
• Other Authors: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Wellington (NIWA), Department of Marine Sciences Dunedin, University of Otago Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Department of Atmospheric Science Fort Collins, Colorado State University Fort Collins (CSU), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Hamilton (NIWA), University of Auckland Auckland, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Aspendale, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Canberra (CSIRO), SPACE - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas España = Spanish National Research Council Spain (CSIC), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima Bologna (ISAC), National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies Potsdam (IASS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Auckland (NIWA), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Lauder (NIWA), University of Canterbury Christchurch, Department of Chemistry Dunedin, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: HAL CCSD 2023
• Subjects: [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology; Southern Ocean; Pacific
• Online Access: https://insu.hal.science/insu-04014814; https://insu.hal.science/insu-04014814v2/document; https://insu.hal.science/insu-04014814v2/file/1520-0477-BAMS-D-21-0063.1-6.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-21-0063.1

International audience The goal of the Sea2Cloud project is to study the interplay between surface oceanbiogeochemical and physical properties, fluxes to the atmosphere and ultimately their impacton cloud formation under minimal direct anthropogenic influence. Here we present aninterdisciplinary approach, combining atmospheric physics and chemistry with marinebiogeochemistry, during a voyage between 41 and 47°S in March 2020. In parallel to ambientmeasurements of atmospheric composition and seawater biogeochemical properties, wedescribe semi-controlled experiments to characterize nascent sea spray properties andnucleation from gas-phase biogenic emissions. The experimental framework for studying theimpact of the predicted evolution of ozone concentration in the Southern Hemisphere is alsodetailed. After describing the experimental strategy, we present the oceanic and meteorologicalcontext including provisional results on atmospheric thermodynamics, composition, and fluxmeasurements. In situ measurements and flux studies were carried out on different biologicalcommunities by sampling surface seawater from subantarctic, subtropical and frontal watermasses. Air-Sea-Tanks (ASIT) were used to quantify biogenic emissions of trace gases underrealistic environmental conditions, with nucleation observed in association with biogenicseawater emissions. Sea spray continuously generated produced sea spray fluxes of 34% oforganic matter by mass, of which 4% particles had fluorescent properties, and which sizedistribution ressembled the one found in clean sectors of the Southern Ocean. The goal ofSea2Cloud is to generate realistic parameterizations of emission flux dependences of tracegases and nucleation precursors, sea spray, cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei usingseawater biogeochemistry, for implementation in regional atmospheric models