Phytoplankton bloom stages estimated from chlorophyll pigment proportions suggest delayed summer production in low sea ice years in the northern Bering Sea
Decreased sea ice cover in the northern Bering Sea has altered annual phytoplankton phenology owing to an expansion of open water duration and its impact on ocean stratification. Limitations of satellite remote sensing such as the inability to detect bloom activity throughout the water column, under...
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ftclarkuniv:oai:commons.clarku.edu:faculty_geography-1185 |
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Open Polar |
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Clark University: Clark Digital Commons |
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ftclarkuniv |
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unknown |
topic |
chlorophyll chlorophyll a ice pheophytin water Climate Environmental Sciences |
spellingShingle |
chlorophyll chlorophyll a ice pheophytin water Climate Environmental Sciences Gaffey, Clare B. Frey, Karen E. Cooper, Lee W. Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. Phytoplankton bloom stages estimated from chlorophyll pigment proportions suggest delayed summer production in low sea ice years in the northern Bering Sea |
topic_facet |
chlorophyll chlorophyll a ice pheophytin water Climate Environmental Sciences |
description |
Decreased sea ice cover in the northern Bering Sea has altered annual phytoplankton phenology owing to an expansion of open water duration and its impact on ocean stratification. Limitations of satellite remote sensing such as the inability to detect bloom activity throughout the water column, under ice, and in cloudy conditions dictate the need for shipboard based measurements to provide more information on bloom dynamics. In this study, we adapted remote sensing land cover classification techniques to provide a new means to determine bloom stage from shipboard samples. Specifically, we used multiyear satellite time series of chlorophyll a to determine whether in-situ blooms were actively growing or mature (i.e., past-peak) at the time of field sampling. Field observations of chlorophyll a and pheophytin (degraded and oxidized chlorophyll products) were used to calculate pheophytin proportions, i.e., (Pheophytin/(Chlorophyll a + Pheophytin)) and empirically determine whether the bloom was growing or mature based on remotely sensed bloom stages. Data collected at 13 north Bering Sea stations each July from 2013–2019 supported a pheophytin proportion of 28% as the best empirical threshold to distinguish a growing vs. mature bloom stage. One outcome was that low vs. high sea ice years resulted in significantly different pheophytin proportions in July; in years with low winter-to-spring ice, more blooms with growing status were observed, compared to later stage, more mature blooms following springs with abundant seasonal sea ice. The detection of growing blooms in July following low ice years suggests that changes in the timing of the spring bloom triggers cascading effects on mid-summer production. Features 5 additional documents of supporting information available for download. |
format |
Text |
author |
Gaffey, Clare B. Frey, Karen E. Cooper, Lee W. Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. |
author_facet |
Gaffey, Clare B. Frey, Karen E. Cooper, Lee W. Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. |
author_sort |
Gaffey, Clare B. |
title |
Phytoplankton bloom stages estimated from chlorophyll pigment proportions suggest delayed summer production in low sea ice years in the northern Bering Sea |
title_short |
Phytoplankton bloom stages estimated from chlorophyll pigment proportions suggest delayed summer production in low sea ice years in the northern Bering Sea |
title_full |
Phytoplankton bloom stages estimated from chlorophyll pigment proportions suggest delayed summer production in low sea ice years in the northern Bering Sea |
title_fullStr |
Phytoplankton bloom stages estimated from chlorophyll pigment proportions suggest delayed summer production in low sea ice years in the northern Bering Sea |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phytoplankton bloom stages estimated from chlorophyll pigment proportions suggest delayed summer production in low sea ice years in the northern Bering Sea |
title_sort |
phytoplankton bloom stages estimated from chlorophyll pigment proportions suggest delayed summer production in low sea ice years in the northern bering sea |
publisher |
Clark Digital Commons |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://commons.clarku.edu/faculty_geography/186 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267586 https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/viewcontent/GeographyFacultyWorks_Frey_PhytoBloom_2022.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/0/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S1Appendix.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/1/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S1Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/2/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S2Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/3/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S3Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/4/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S4Table.pdf |
geographic |
Bering Sea |
geographic_facet |
Bering Sea |
genre |
Bering Sea Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Bering Sea Sea ice |
op_source |
Geography |
op_relation |
https://commons.clarku.edu/faculty_geography/186 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267586 https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/viewcontent/GeographyFacultyWorks_Frey_PhytoBloom_2022.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/0/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S1Appendix.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/1/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S1Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/2/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S2Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/3/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S3Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/4/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S4Table.pdf |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267586 |
container_title |
PLOS ONE |
container_volume |
17 |
container_issue |
7 |
container_start_page |
e0267586 |
_version_ |
1776199462395314176 |
spelling |
ftclarkuniv:oai:commons.clarku.edu:faculty_geography-1185 2023-09-05T13:18:31+02:00 Phytoplankton bloom stages estimated from chlorophyll pigment proportions suggest delayed summer production in low sea ice years in the northern Bering Sea Gaffey, Clare B. Frey, Karen E. Cooper, Lee W. Grebmeier, Jacqueline M. 2022-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/faculty_geography/186 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267586 https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/viewcontent/GeographyFacultyWorks_Frey_PhytoBloom_2022.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/0/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S1Appendix.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/1/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S1Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/2/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S2Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/3/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S3Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/4/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S4Table.pdf unknown Clark Digital Commons https://commons.clarku.edu/faculty_geography/186 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0267586 https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/viewcontent/GeographyFacultyWorks_Frey_PhytoBloom_2022.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/0/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S1Appendix.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/1/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S1Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/2/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S2Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/3/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S3Table.pdf https://commons.clarku.edu/context/faculty_geography/article/1185/filename/4/type/additional/viewcontent/PhytoBloom_Frey_S4Table.pdf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Geography chlorophyll chlorophyll a ice pheophytin water Climate Environmental Sciences text 2022 ftclarkuniv https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267586 2023-08-14T06:16:39Z Decreased sea ice cover in the northern Bering Sea has altered annual phytoplankton phenology owing to an expansion of open water duration and its impact on ocean stratification. Limitations of satellite remote sensing such as the inability to detect bloom activity throughout the water column, under ice, and in cloudy conditions dictate the need for shipboard based measurements to provide more information on bloom dynamics. In this study, we adapted remote sensing land cover classification techniques to provide a new means to determine bloom stage from shipboard samples. Specifically, we used multiyear satellite time series of chlorophyll a to determine whether in-situ blooms were actively growing or mature (i.e., past-peak) at the time of field sampling. Field observations of chlorophyll a and pheophytin (degraded and oxidized chlorophyll products) were used to calculate pheophytin proportions, i.e., (Pheophytin/(Chlorophyll a + Pheophytin)) and empirically determine whether the bloom was growing or mature based on remotely sensed bloom stages. Data collected at 13 north Bering Sea stations each July from 2013–2019 supported a pheophytin proportion of 28% as the best empirical threshold to distinguish a growing vs. mature bloom stage. One outcome was that low vs. high sea ice years resulted in significantly different pheophytin proportions in July; in years with low winter-to-spring ice, more blooms with growing status were observed, compared to later stage, more mature blooms following springs with abundant seasonal sea ice. The detection of growing blooms in July following low ice years suggests that changes in the timing of the spring bloom triggers cascading effects on mid-summer production. Features 5 additional documents of supporting information available for download. Text Bering Sea Sea ice Clark University: Clark Digital Commons Bering Sea PLOS ONE 17 7 e0267586 |