Index S-Z Volumes 1-7

• Main Author: Atiya, Aziz Suryal, 1898-1988 (editor-in-chief)
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: Macmillan 1991
• Subjects: Copts; Encyclopedias and dictionaries; Indexes; Sakha; Canada; Lent; Maurice; Seymour; Huntington; Baldwin; Moses; Theodore; Petersen; Edith; Marcos; Evelyn; Orleans; Luke; Griffith; Morton; Crawford; Jules; Wilkins; Saint-Paul; Randall; Toledo; Ari; Rudolph; Olympus; Archibald; Deacon; Cramer; Titus; Etienne; Gaston; Sultan; Sphinx; Kama; Kenyon; Musa; Saba; Martyrs; Nubian; Canopus; Shute; Judas; Circumcision; Bani; Arman’; Curzon; Bulus; Tamma; Assal’; Imhotep; Sixtus; Nesos; Sayce; Saturn; mansi; sami; Mansi
• Online Access: http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/u?/cce,2021

[Editorial notes: See PDF version of this article where page numbers in boldface indicate a major discussion and page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Vol 1: pp. 1-316. Vol 2: pp. 317-662. Vol.3: pp. 663-1004 Vol 4: pp. 1005-1352. Vol 5: pp. 1353-1690. Vol 6: pp. 1391-2034. Vol 7: pp. 2035-2372] S_______________________ Sa (son of Misra’im), 1652 Saad, Zaki Yusef, 708, 2071 Saba, 1089, 1750 Saba, Saint, 45, 1182 Sab‘ah wa-arba‘ah, 2071 and tafsir, 2198 and Theotokion, 2255 Saba ibn Tadurus al-Hawrani (deacon), 2047 Sabas, John, collected works of, 1779 Saba Yasa, 1182, 2071 on residence of Gregory II, Patriarch, 1182 Sabbath differing meanings for Christians and Jews, 2098—2100 Ethiopian controversy, 1050—1051 Old Testament, 1101 Saturday as, 2098 Sunday as, 2159 vigil associated with, 2308 Sabellianism, 1638, 1934, 2072 Alexander I and, 82 Anus’s opposition to, 231 Dionysius the Great and, 911 Eusebius of Caesarea’s opposition to, 1070 and hypostasis controversy, 1260 Sabellius the Libyan, 911, 1638, 1944, 2072 see also Sabellianism Sabinus, prefect of Alexandria, 909 Sacrament, 2072 absolution and, 15 baptism, 336—338 baptism, liturgy of, 339—342 Communion, Holy, 578—579 confirmation, 585—586 Dialogue of the Savior on, 898 Eucharist, 1056—1061 and excommunication, 1079—1080 given to children, 2072 Gospel of Philip on, 1156 holy orders, 2013—2015 interdict against administering, 1299 marriage, 1542-1543 and penance, 584-585 unction of the sick, 2291—2292 see also under individual sacraments Sacrament, reservation of the blessed, 2073 Sacramental oils. See Oils, sacramental Sacrifice, Eucharist as, 1058—1060 Sacrificial altars, 106 Sacristy, 219 Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio. See Amplissima Sacy, Antoine Isaac Silvestre de, 2073 Sadamant, pilgrimages to, 1974 Sadamant-Fayyum, Dayr Mar Jirjis, 831 Sadat, Anwar al-, president of Egypt, 582, 707, 756, 948-949, 1516, 1991, 2091 Saddleback roof, 220 Sadij, al-, 114 Sadiq Attallah, Mu‘allim, 1737 Sa‘dist Party, 1992—1993 Sa‘d Mikha’il ‘Abdu, 2073-2074 Sa‘d Zaghlul, 375, 1466, 1515, 1628, 2074-2075 and British occupation of Egypt, 421—422 and political thought in modern Egypt, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1994 on status of Copts, 950—951 and Wissa Wassef, 2323 Safi Abu al-Fada’il ibn al-‘Assal, al-, 310—311, 1748 Safi al-Din ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Ali ibn Shukr, vizier, 1269 Safi ibn al-‘Assal, al-, 1089, 1096, 2075-2079 and Butrus ibn ‘Abd al-Sayyid, 428 on canon law, 1942, 2076 on circumcision, 1106 on Great Lent fasting, 1095 on Holy Saturday, 1247 on laying-on of hands, 1432—1433 on marriage, 1545 Nomocanon of, 1780, 1783, 2075, 2076 on offertory, 1824 works of, 1463, 1464, 2076—2079 works translated into Ethiopic, 977 and Yuhanna al-Maqsi, 2358 Sahidic dialect Alexander’s encomium on Peter I, 1943, 1944, 1945 Cambyses Romance in, 2060 Canons, Apostolic, 451 canons, ecclesiastical, 454 inscriptions in, 1296 Life of Pachomius, 1860, 1861 magical texts, 1501 manuscripts, 1885 New Testament in, 1787—1788 in Old Testament, Coptic translations of, 1836—1838 poetry, 1986 see also Appendix Sahlan ibn ‘Uthman ibn Kaysan, 2079-2080 Saht (Coptic textile term), 2221 Sahyun Walid (Akhmim), 1122 Sa‘id, 2080 Sa‘id, Khedive, 676, 1692—1693 Sa‘id ibn Batriq. See Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id Sa‘id ibn al-Bitriq. See Ibn al-Bitriq, Sa‘id Sa‘id ibn Tufayl, 2080 Sai Island, 2080—2081 as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813 see also Nubian church organization Saint Andrew’s Church (Jericho), 1245 Saint Catherine’s Church (Alexandria), 1123 Saint Didymus Institute for the Blind (Cairo). See Didymus Institute for the Blind Saint Mark’s Cathedral. See Cathedral of Saint Mark Saint Mary and Saint Mark (Paris), 1623 Saint Maurice-en-Valais (city), 1572 Saint-Paul-Girard, Louis, 2081 Saint Peter’s Bridge monastery. See Lithazomenon and Saint Peter’s Bridge Saint Peter’s Cathedral (Rome), 1572 Saints Ababius, 1 Abamun of Tarnut, 1 Abamun of Tukh, 1-2 Abilius, 8 Abraam I, 10 Abraham, 10-11 Abraham and George of Scetis, 12—13 Abraham of Minuf, 13-14 Achillas (monk), 56 Achillas (patriarch), 55—56 Acta Sanctorum, 56-57 Agathon, 64-65 Agathon and his brothers, 66—67 Agathon the Stylite, 68—69 Alexandra, 88 Ammonas, 113 Amun, 119 Anastasia, 125 Anatolius, 128 Anba Ruways, 128 anchorites, 129 Antony of Egypt, 149—151 Apaiule and Tolemaeus, 153 Archellides, 192 Ari, 229 Arianus, 230—23 1 Arsenius of Scetis and Turah, 240—241 Ascla, 283 Barsanuphius, 348 Barsum the Naked, 348-349 Basil, 351—351 Besamon, 379 Bessarion, 379 Bulus al-Habis, 424—425 Camoul, 445 canonization, 449 Cassian, John, 461—463 Celadion, 475 Claudius, 561 commemoration of, 1567 Copres, 598 Coptic hymns for, 1728 Cyriacus and Julitta, 671 Cyril I, 671—675 difnar hymns on, 900—901 Dimyanah, 903 Dioscorus I, 912—9 15 Domitius, 1576—1578 Elias of Bishwaw, 952—953 Elias of Samhud, 953 English, 418—419 Ephraem Syrus, 963 Epima, 965 Epimachus of Pelusium, 965—966 Erai, 2209 Ethiopian, 1044—1055; see also Synaxarion, Ethiopian Euphrosyna, 1069 Eusebius, 1069—1070 Eusignius, 1071—1072 Eustathius and Theopista, 1072—1073 Exuperantius, 1082 al-Farama association, 1089 feasts, 1101 Febronia, 1109—1110 Felix, 1110 Fis, 1116 Gabra Masqal, 1047-1048 Gabriel, Archangel, appearance to, 1137 Gasecha, 1051—1052 George, 1137—1138 Giyorgis, 1051—1052 Gregory the Illuminator, 1183 Gregory of Nazianzus, 1183—1184 Gregory of Nyssa, 1184—1185 Hadra of Aswan, 1190 Hadra of Benhadab, 1190—1191 hagiographers, 1921 Hamai of Kahyor, 1203—1204 Harmina, 1209 Heraclas, 1219 Heraclides, 1220—1221 Herai, 1221 Herpaese and Julianus, 1225—1226 Hilaria, 1230—1231 Hilarion, 1232 Hop of Tukh, 1254 Hor of Abrahat, 1255 Horsiesios, 1257 Iconoclastic controversy, 1275 icons of, 1276, 1278 Ignatius of Antioch, 1281—1282 illuminated manuscript depiction of, 1283 Irish, 4 18—419 Isaac, 1304 Isaac of Tiphre, 1304—1305 Isaiah of Scetis, 1305—1306 Isidorus of Antioch, 1307 Isidorus of Scetis, 1310 Jacob, 1318 James, 1320—1321 James Intercisus, 1321 James of Scetis, 132 1—1322 Jeremiah, 1322—1323 Jerome, 1323 Jirjis al-Muzahim, 1335—1336 John, Bishop of Armant, 1353—1354 John I, 1337 John II, 1337 John III, 1337 John IV, 1338—1339 John VI, 1341—1342 John the Baptist, 1354—1356 John Chrysostom, 1357—1359 John Colobos, 1359—1361 John the Faster, 1339—1340 John Kama, 1362—1363 John of Lycopolis, 1363—1365 John of Parallos, 1367—1368 Joseph, 1370 Joseph of Bishwaw, 1371 Joseph the Carpenter, 1371— 1374 Joseph of Tsenti, 1374 Judas Cyriacus, 1377—1378 Julian, 1380 Justus, 1386—1387 Macarius, 1489 Macarius Alexandrinus, 1490 Macarius the Egyptian, 1491 Manasseh, 1518 Mark, 1528—1533 Mark II, 1533—1534 Mark III, 1534—1536 Mark the Simple, 1540—1541 Mary of Alexandria, 1560 Mary the Egyptian, 1560 Mass of the Faithful commemoration, 1567 Matthew the Poor, 157 1— 1572 Mauritius, 1572 Maximus, 1576—1578 Menas, 1589 Menas of al-Ashmunayn, 1589 Menas the Miracle Maker, 1589—1590 Mercurius of Caesarea, 1592—1594 Michael the Archangel, 1616—1619 Michael IV, 1614—1615 Misa’il, 1634 Moses the Black, 1681 Mui, 1696 Nob, Apa, 1796 Olympus, 1840 Onophrius, 1841-1842 Pachomius, 1859—1863 Paese, 1865 paintings in church, Dayr al-Baramus, 794 paintings in Main Church, Dayr Apa Jeremiah, 778, 1660 paintings in monasteries, 1660 paintings in Old Church, Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 727 Palaemon, 1876 Palamon, 1876 Pambo, 1876—1877 Pamin, 1878 Pamphilus, 1879 Panesneu, 1880 Panine and Paneu, 1880—1881 Pantaleon, 1881—1882 Paphnutius, 1882 Paphnutius the Hermit, 1882—1883 Paphnutius of Pbow, 1883—1884 Paphnutius of Scetis, 1884 Patasius, 1908 Patermuthius, 1908 Paul of Benhadab, 1922 Paul the Simple, 1923 Paul of Tamma, 1923—1925 Paul of Thebes, 1925—1926 Peter II, 1947 Peter the Presbyter, 1951 Peter of Scetis, 1951 Petronius, 1952 Phib, 1953—1954 Philotheus of Antioch, 1960—1961 Phis, 1963 Pidjimi, 1966—1967 pilgrimages to sites of, 1968—1975 Pisentius of Armant, 1978 Pisentius of Hermonthis, 1978 Pisentius of Qift, 1978—1980 Pisura, 1980 Poemen, 1983—1984 poetry on, 1985, 1986 Polycarp, 1997—1998 portraits of, 2004 Proclus, 2016 Pshoi, 2028—2029 Pshoi of Tud, 2030 Psote of Psoï, 2031—2032 Regula, 2057 Samuel of Benhadab, 2091—2092 Samu’il of Qalamun, 2092-2093 Sarapamon of Scetis, 2094—2095 Sarapion of Tmuis, 2095—2096 Severian of Jabalah, 2122 Shenufe, 2130—2131 Shenute, 2131—2133 Silvanus of Scetis, 2137 Simon I, 2138—2139 Simon II, 2139 Sophia, 2143—2144 Takia Haymanot, 1049—1050 Tecla, 1865 Ter and Erai, 2209 Theodora, 2235 Theodorus, 2237—2238 Theodorus of Alexandria, 2238 Theodorus of Pherme, 2239 Theodorus of Tabennese, 2239—2240 Theodosius I, 2241 Theognosta, 2243—2244 Theophilus, 2253—2254 Thomas, 2256 Timotheus, 2262—2263 Timothy I, 2263 Tolemaus, 2271 Ursus of Solothurn, 2292—2293 Verena, 2299—2301, 2301 Victor of Shu, 2302 Victor Stratelates, 2303—2308 Victor of Tabennese, 2308 Yusab I, 2362 Zacharias, Bishop, 2368 Zar’a Ya‘qob, 1052—1053 see also Hagiography, Coptic; Martyrs Saints, Coptic, 2081-2087 Copto-Arabic Synaxarion list of, 2172—2190 Synaxarion list of, 2 173—2190 Synaxarion as source of knowledge of, 1044��1045 The Saints of Egypt in the Coptic Calendar (O’Leary), 1551, 2081 Sakha, 66, 2087-2088 Sakhirun of Qallin (martyr), 1558 Saklabaoth, 1618 Saklas (pagan deity), 1154 Saladin, 872, 1534—1535, 1536, 1097, 1615 see also Ayyubid Dynasty and the Copts Salah al-Din. See Saladin Salama I, Ethiopian prelate, 312—313, 990—991 Salama II, Ethiopian prelate, 1011—1012 Salama III, Ethiopian prelate, 1033—1036 Salama IV, Metropolitan, 1590 Salamah, Albert Barsum, 1911 Salamah Musa, 1996, 2011, 2088-2089 Salamuni, al-, pilgrimages to, 1974 Salfana. See Paul and Salfana (martyrs) Salib (new martyr), 1558 Salib Sami, 1991 Salih ibn Qala’un, al-, Sultan, 750 Salih Salah al-Din. See Saladin Salim, Bakhkhash, 1626 Salim ibn Yusuf al-Siba‘i al-Itfawi, 2089 Salippe, Mikarius, 2089-2090 Salome (mother of Zebedee’s children), 1117 Salvation Gnostic Christian homily on, 898 Origen on, 1849 Samalut Dayr Abu Bifam at, 696—697 Dayr al-‘Adhra’ at, 7 15—716 Samannud, 36, 925, 2090 Sami Gabra, 1230, 2090 Samson, 1618 Samuel, A. E., 1895 Samuel, Bishop, 1624, 2090-2091 and Cyril VI, 707 role in Coptic education, 933 and Yusab II, 2363 Samuel of Benhadab, Saint, 2086, 2091—2092, 2086 Samuel of Kalamun. See Samu’il of Qalamun, Saint Samuel Koui (the Small), 826 Samuel the Recluse, Anba, 1504 Samu’il of Qalamun, Saint, 1216, 1362, 1448, 2092-2093 feast day, 2086 monasteries, 707, 758, 759, 845, 1130 and Takinash, 2092—2093, 2199 see also Dayr Anba Samu’il of Qalamun Samu’il al-Suryani, 1462 Sanabu, 2093-2094 monasteries around, 1654 Sanad, al-, 1656 Sanctuary askinah, 288 and candelabrum, 1469 communion table, 580 in Egyptian church architecture, 220—221, 552��553 Sanctuary of Philotheus (Antioch), 893 Sanctus, 1731 Sandals and shoes, 646, 1433 Sanders, H. A., 1895 Sandstone, Coptic sculpture in, 2115 Sandstorm, 1487 Sanhira, pilgrimages to, 1974 Sanhut, Bishop of Misr, 760— 761 Sani Abu al-Majd Butrus ibn al-Muhadhdhib Abu al-Faraj, al-, 1085 Sanquriyyah, al-, pilgrimages to, 1974 Sansno, Saint, 2087 Sanutios. See Shute I, Saint Saqqara and Coptic scupture in stone, 2112, 2115, 2116 Dayr Apa Jeremiah in, 772, 773, 776—777, 1659, 1660 decorations of monastery cells at, 525, 555, 556 inscriptions found at, 1293, 1294, 1295 monastery mural painting, 1873, 1874 pilgrims and travelers to, 1976 remains and representations of Coptic clothing. See Costume, civil Sara, Saint, 2087, 2094 Sarabaïtes (free monks), 702 Sarabam. See Dayr Abu Sarabam Saragossa, Council of, on regulations for nuns, 1822 Sarah. See Bahnam and Sarah (martyrs); Benam and Sarah (martyrs); Moses and Sarah (martyrs) Sarah and her children (martyrs), 1558 Sarapamon, Bishop of Beheira and al-Minufiyyah, 686 Sarapamon, Bishop of Minufiyyah, 1950 Sarapamon of Nikiou, 955, 1793 Sarapamon of Scetis, Saint, 1558, 2087, 2094 Sarapion, 2094—2095 see also Serapion Sarapion, Saint (martyr from Binusah), 1558, 2120—2121 Sarapion of Tmuis, Saint and Bishop, 1491, 2095, 2095-2096 anaphora of, 1539 anti-Manichaeism, 1522, 2096 as disciple of Antony, Saint, 149, 2096 feast day, 2087 Sarcophagus, wooden, 2330—2331 Sardica, Council of (351), 1089 Sarjiyus, Malati, 1465, 1466, 2096-2097 conflict with Yusab II, Patriarch, 2011, 2097, 2363 Sarmata. See Pamun and Sarmata (martyrs) Sarraj al-Warraq, al-, 1085 Sasht (Coptic textile term), 2221 Sassanid Empire. See Persians in Egypt Sassanid influences on Coptic art, 2097-2098 Sasso, François, Father, 1330 Satan and Antichrist, 143 Gabriel, Archangel, power over, 1136 Gregory of Nazianzus on sin of, 1184 Michael, Archangel, power over, 1617, 1618—1619 Raphael, Archangel, power over, 2053 see also Demons; Devil Saturday, 1901, 2098-2100 Holy Saturday, 1247—1249 Saturn (pagan deity), 1617 Sauneron, Serge, 2100 Savery Codex. See Crosby Schøyen Codex Savoyards, 1572 Sawadah Dayr Apa Hor at, 770—771 pilgrimages to, 1974 Sawam‘ah Sharq, al-, Dayr Anba Bakhum, 730—73 1 Sawiros, Ethiopian prelate, 1005—1006 Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘, 19, 21, 1573, 2100-2102 Abraham, Saint and Patriarch and, 11 on al-Afrajun, 64 and Alexander’s encomium on Peter I, 1943, 1944 on the Arab conquest of Egypt, 183— 189 and Bashmuric revolts, 350 and blessings, 404 and Book of Epact, 410 collected works of, 1779 on the Crusades, 664—665 al-Durr al-Thamin, 926 and Egyptian conscription of Christian sailors, 2286 and History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria, 1239 and John of Shmun, 1369 on Primus, 2016 on Saturdays during Lent, 2099 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247 and the Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 2258—2259 and al-Wadih ibn Raja’, 2311 works by, 1460, 1461, 1779 and Yuhanna, 2356 Sayce, Archibald Henry, 856, 1090, 2102 Sayfayn, Abu. See Dayr Abu Sayfayn; Mercurius of Caesarea, Saint Sayyid, Ahmad Lutfi, al-, 1994, 1995, 1996 Sayyid, Mikha’il ‘Abd, al-, 1995, 2010 Scala magna (Kircher), 1415, 1267, 1748 Scarves, 643—644 Scenas Mandras, castrum of, 465 Scetis, 113, 120, 2102—2106 Abraham and George of, Saints, 12—13 Agathon of Alexandria and monastic cell construction, 65 Amun, Saint, and, 119 Apophthegmata patrum on monks of, 177—178 Arsenius, Saint, 240—241 Bedouin plunder of, 1534 Bessarion, Saint, of, 379 Cassian, John, on monks of, 462—463 and Damanhur bishopric, 687 Damian as monk at, 688 Daniel of, 1648 Daniel, Saint, of, 692 Dayr Abu Musa al-’Aswad, 708 Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 720, 722 Dayr Anba Bishoi, 734—736 Dayr Anba Helias, 747—748 Dayr Anba Maqar, 748—756 Dayr Apa Anub, 770 Dayr al-Arman, 782 Dayr al-Baramus, 789—794 Dayr al-Suryan in, 876—881 Dayr Yuhannis Kama at, 883 Ewostatewos, Ethiopian saint, of, 1050—1051 forty-nine martyrs of. See Forty-nine martyrs of Scetis Gabriel I, Saint and Patriarch in monastaries of, 1127 Hilaria, Saint, at, 1230—1231 Isaiah the Hermit at, 1305—1306 Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud link with, 1316 John Colobos at, 1360 John Colobos and Bishoi flight from, 701, 795 John Kama of, 1362 and Kellia site location, 1397, 1401 Krajon and Amun martyrdom at, 1419 as laura of hermitages, 1224—1225 Macarius Alexandrinus in, 1490 Macarius the Egyptian in, 1491 monasteries, 707, 714, 727, 835, 841, 1658, 1659 monastery libraries, 1449 monastic life, 1662 monastic population, 1663 monks and anthropomorphism, 143 Moses the Black in, 707, 708 and Nitria monastery, 1794—1796 Palladius at, 1877 papyrus discoveries, 1900 parekklesia, 1903 Peter of, 1951 Poemen and brothers as monks at, 1983, 1984 Pshoi of, 2029—2030 recluses in, 2055 Rufinus history of hermits of, 2068 Samu’l of Qalamun expulsion from, 2092 Silvanus of, 2137 Theodorus of Pherme of, 2239 Theophilus, Patriarch, and monks of, 2247, 2249—2250 travel reports of monasteries, 1977 al-Wadih ibn Raja’ in, 2311 Zacharias, Saint, in, 2368 Scevophilacion. See Pastophorium Schäfer, Heinrich, 2106 Schema. See Bishop, consecration of Schermann, Theodor, 2106 Schiller, A. Arthur, 1895, 1438, 2106 Schism. See Acacian schism; Chalcedon, Council of; Donatism; Melitian schism Schmidt, Carl, 1149, 1899, 2106-2107 Scholarios, 1114 Scholars ‘Abd al-Masih al-Isra’ili al-Raqqi, 5-7 ‘Abd al-Masih Salib al-Masu‘di, 7 Acta sanctorum, 56—57 Amélineau, Emile Clement, 112 Assemani family, 289 Bachatly, Charles, 323 Bajuri, Shaykh Ibrahim, al-, 330—331 Balestri, Giuseppe, 332 Bardenhewer, Otto, 345 Barns, John Wintour Baldwin, 347 Basset, René, 360 Bell, Harold Idris, 374 Bilabel, Friedrich, 390—39 1 Bodmer, Martin, 404—405 Boeser, Pieter Adriaan Art, 405 Borgia, Stefano, 412 Bourguet, Pierre du, S. J., 414 Bouriant, Urbain, 414—415 Breccia, A. Evaristo, 416 Brightman, Frank Edward, 416 Bruce, James, 422 Brugsch, Heinrich Ferdinand Karl, 422 Budge, Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis, 422—423 Burmester, Oswald Hugh Edward, 427 Burkitt, Francis Crawford, 426 Butcher, Edith L., 428 Butler, Alfred Joshua, 428 Cerny, Jaroslav, 511 Champollion, Jean François, 516 Chassinat, Emile Gaston, 516—517 Chiftichi, Yuhanna, 519—520 Clédat, Jean, 561 Cramer, Maria, 656—657 Curzon, Robert, 663-665 al-Damanhuri, Shaykh Ahmad, 687 Daressy, Georges Emile Jules, 693 Daumas, Franois, 694—695 Dévaud, Eugène Victor, 895 Didymus the Blind, 900 Dominicans in Egypt, 918 Drescher, James Anthony Bede, 924 Drioton, (Chanoine) Etienne, 924 Dulaurier, Jean Paul, 925 Erichsen, Wolja, 972—973 Erman, Adolf, 973 Evelyn-White, Hugh Gerard, 1078 Evetts, Basil Thomas Alfred, 1078 Fortescue, Adrian, 1120 Galtier, Emile Joseph, 1138 Girgis Mattha, 1141 Graf, Georg, 1165 Graffin, René, 1165 Grapow, Hermann, 1165 Griffith, Francis Llewellyn, 1185 Groff, William N., 1185 Grohmann, Adolf, 1185—1186 Guidi, Ignazio, 1186—1187 Haase, Felix, 1189 Habib Jirjis, 1189 hagiography, 1191 Hall, Henry Reginald Holland, 1203 Hanna Salib Sa‘d, 1206 Hardy, Edward R., 1206 Hauser, Walter, 1210 Hebbelynck, Adolphe, 1215 Hefele, Karl Joseph, 1215 Hengstenberg, Wilhelm, 1217 Heuser, Gustav, 1227 Horner, George W., 1257 Huntington, Robert, 1260 Hyvernat, Henri Eugène Xavier Louis, 1263 Ibn Kabar, 1267—1268 Ibn Katib Qaysar, 1268 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, 1269—1270 Ibn Siba‘, Yuhanna ibn Abi Zakariyya, 1272 Ideler, Julius Ludwig, 1280 Ilyas Buqtur, 1284—1285 Iqladiyus Labib, 1302 ‘Iryan Jirjis Muftah, 1302— 1303 Jablonski, Paul Ernst, 1318 Jernstedt, Peter Viktorovich, 1323 Johann Georg, 1336 Jullien, Michel Marie, 1382—1383 Junker, Hermann, 1383 Kahle, Paul Eric, 1389 Karabacek, Joseph von, 1389 Keimer, Ludwig, 1396 Kenyon, Frederic George, 1410 Kircher, Athanasius, 1415 Krall, Jakob, 1419 Kuentz, Charles, 1419 Kühnel, Ernst, 1419—1420 Labib Habachi, 1423 Labib, Subhi Yanni, 1423 Lacau, Pierre, 1424 Lanormant, Charles, 1440 Lefort, Louis Théophile, 1437 Legrain, Georges, 1439 Leipoldt, Johannes, 1439 Lemm, Oskar Eduardovich Von, 1439 Lepsius, Karl Richard, 1444 Le Quien, Michel, 1444 Leroy, Jules, 1444 Letronne, Jean Antoine, 1444—1445 Lucian of Antioch, 1484 Malinine, Michel, 1516 Mallon, Marie Alexis, 1516 Marcel, Jean-Joseph, 1526 Marucchi, Orazio, 1559 Maspero, Gaston, 1561 Maspero, Jean (Jacques), 1561— 1562 Michalowski, Kazimierz, 1620 Miedema, Rein, 1620 Migne, Jacques-Paul, 1620 Monneret de Villard, Ugo, 1668—1669 Morenz, Siegfried, 1678 Muhammad Ramzi, 1695 al-Muhdi, Muhammad, 1695—1696 Munier, Adolphe Henri, 1698 Murad Kamil, 1698—1699 Murray, Margaret Alice, 1700—1701 musicologists, 1741—1742, 1743—1744 Muyser, Jacob Louis Lambert, 1749 Nau, François-Nicolas, 1783 Obicini, Thomas, 1823 Oriens Christianus, 1845 Palanque, (Henri Amedée) Charles, 1876 papyrologists, 1888—1889 Parthey, Gustav Friedrich Constantin, 1903 patristics, 1920—1921 Peeters, Paul, 1929 Peiresc, Nicolas Claude de Fabri, 1929 Pellegrini, Astorre, 1931 Petersen, Theodore, 1951 Petraeus, Theodor, 1951 Peyron, Amedeo Angelomaria, 1952 Piankoff, Alexandre, 1966 Piehl, Karl Fredrik, 1967 Porcher, Ernest, 2000—2001 prosopography use by, 2021—2022 Puech, Henri-Charles, 2032—2033 Quibell, James Edward, 2040 Qustantin ibn Abi al-Ma‘ali ibn Abi al-Fath Abu al-Fath, 2046—2047 Ramshausen, Franciscus Wilhelm von, 2052 Ranke, Hermann, 2052 Rémondon, Rogert, 2057 Renaudin, Paul, 2057 Renaudot, Eusebe, 2057 Revillout, Charles Eugene, 2058 Ricci, Seymour Montefiore Robert Rosso de, 2059 Rösch, Friedrich, 2067 Rossi, Francesco, 2067 Rückert, Friedrich, 2067 Rufa’il al-Tukhi, 2067—2068 Rufinus, 2068—2069 Saad, Zaki Yusef, 2071 Sacy, Antoine Isaac Silvestre de, 2073 Sauneron, Serge, 2100 Sayce, Archibald Henery, 2102 Schäfer, Heinrich, 2106 Schermann, Theodor, 2106 Schiller, A. Arthur, 2106 Schmidt, Carl, 2106—2107 Scholtz, Christian, 2107 Schubart, Wilhelm, 2107 Schwartze, Moritz Gotthilf, 2107 Sethe, Kurt Heinrich, 2121 Seyffarth, Gustavus, 2125 Sicard, Claude, 2136—2137 Simon, Jean, 2140 Spiegelberg, Wilhelm, 1245 Stegemann, Viktor, 2148 Steindorff, Georg, 2148 Steinwenter, Artur, 2149 Stern, Ludwig, 2155—2156, 2155—2156 Strothmann, Rudolph, 2156 Strzygowski, Josef, 2156 Tattam, Henry, 2202 Teza, Emilio, 2230 Thompson, Henry Francis Herbert, 2257 Till, Walter Curt Franz Theodor Karl Alois, 2261 Tischendorf, Konstantin von, 2269 Tisserant, Eugne, 2270 Turaev, Boris Alexandrovitch, 2282 Van Lantschoot, Arnold, 2298 Vansleb (Wansleben), Johann Michael, 2299 Villecourt, Louis, 2308 Wessely, Carl Franz Joseph, 2321 Whittemore, Thomas, 2321 Wiesmann, Hermann, 2321 Wiet, Gaston, 2321 Wilcken, Ulrich, 2322 Wilke, David, 2322 Woide, Charles Godfrey, 2324 Worrell, William Hoyt, 2348 Wüstenfeld, Ferdinand, 2348 Ya‘qub Nakhlah Rufaylah, 2353 Yassa ‘Abd al-Masih, 2353 Yusuf Abu Daqn, 2364-2365 Zoega, Georg (Jorgen), 2371 see also Coptological studies; Historians; Philosophers; Theologians Scholtz, Christian, 1424, 2107 School of Alexandria. See Catechetical School of Alexandria Schools, Coptic. See Education, Coptic; specific institutions Schubart, Wilhelm, 2107 Schwartze, Moritz Gotthilf, 1424, 2107 Schweinfurth, G., 1396 Screen. See Cancelli Screens, wooden, 2334, 2335 Scribes Abu Shakir ibn al-Rahib, 33—34 accounting, 52—54 Caraccioli, Clement, 461 from Durunkah, 927 pen cases, 1933 Yuhanna, 2356 see also Manuscripts; Scriptorium Scriptores historiae Augustae, 904 Scriptorium, 577, 2108 role in Coptic education, 931—932 see also Manuscripts Scripture, canon of the, 2108-2111 see also Bible; New Testament; Old Testament Scrofula, 771, 1975 Sculpture, 266—267, 271—272 at Ahnas, 74—76, 2112, 2116 Arab conquest impact on, 275—276 at al-Ashmunayn, 74, 287-288 at Bawit, 74, 374, 66 figurines, 1607 in Louvre Museum, 1483 portraiture, Coptic, 2006 preservation of, 280 at Saqqara, 74 in State Museum of Berlin, 2146—2147 statuary, 2147—2148 stone relief of Shenute, 2132 of the Virgin Enthroned, 543—544 in woodworking, 2327 see also Architectural sculpture; Christian subjects in Coptic art; Metalwork, Coptic; Sculpture in stone Sculpture in stone, Coptic, 2112—2117, 2114, 2115, 2116, 2149 see also Architectural sculpture; Sculpture; Statuary; Stela “Seal of the Martyrs” (Peter I), 81 Seals rings, 1607 wooden, 2334, 2335—2336 see also Ceramics, Coptic; Stamps Seasons Coptic calendar and liturgy for, 443-444 depicted in Coptic art, 1767 Shamm al-Nasim spring festival, 2126 Sebaste, martyrdoms at, 1558, 1593 Second Coming and orientation toward the East, 1846 Origen on, 1850 see also Judgment, Last Second Henoticon of 571, 1676 Second Treatise of the Great Seth, 2117—2118 and Gospel of the Egyptians, 1154 Secret Gospel of Saint Mark, 2118—21 19 Carpocrates and, 461 Secret History (Procopius), 2019, 2020 Secundus, Bishop of Tigisis, 84, 920 See of Saint Mark. See Alexandria; Patriarchs of the See of Saint Mark Sehma, Ethiopian saint, 1047 Semi-Arians, 2119 Sem‘on, Ethiopian prelate, 1021—1022 Senouthios. See Shenute Sent. See Isna Sentences of Menandros, 2119 Sentences of Sextus, 2119-2120 Septimius Severus, Emperor, 1179, 1180, 1868 and Alexandria, 97 patriarch under, 1914 persecutions under, 892, 1846, 1936 visits to Egypt, 2062, 2066 Septuagint, 1865, 1867 Serapeum (Alexandria), 31—32, 100, 101, 134, 1869—1870, 2065, 2248 destruction of, 946 Seraphim. See Cherubim and seraphim Serapion. See Sarapion, Saint Serapion of Antioch, Bishop, 917 Serapion Sindonita. See Sarapion Serapis (pagan deity), 1531, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1936 popularity in Canopus, 31 Roman emperors’ veneration of, 2062, 2063 see also Serapeum (Alexandria) Sergius, Patriarch of Constantinople, 1666, 1667 Sergius of Atrib (martyr), 1558 Sergius and Bacchus (martyrs), 1558 The Services of the Deacon (ritual book), 1729. 1737 Seth (pagan deity), 1154, 1503, 1761 Seth (son of Adam), 1154, 1503 see also Sethianism Seth, Apa, 763, 2121 Sethe, Kurt Heinrich, 2121 Sethianism, 1154, 1222, 2117—2118, 2259—2260 Seti I, temple of at Abydos, 39—40, 41 Settlements. See Excavations; Toponymy, Coptic; Towns and settlements; specific names Seven Ascetics of Tunah, 2122 Seven Smaller Intercessions, 1567 Severan dynasty, 2062—2063 Severian of Jabalah (Gabala), Saint, 1138, 2122-2123 feast day, 2087 homily on Gabriel, Archangel, 1136 homily on Michael, Archangel, 1619 and Nestorian influence on Cosmas Indicopleustes, 640 Severians. See Severus; Theodosians Severianus. See Severian of Jabalah (Gabala), Saint Severus (martyr), 892 Severus, Emperor. See Septimius Severus, Emperor Severus Alexander, Emperor, 2063 Severus of Antioch, 592, 732, 876, 1455, 1931, 2123—2125 and Acacian schism, 44, 45, 55; see also subheads Christological dispute; monophysitism Athanasius of Antioch biography of, 304 in the Christian Topography, 640 Christological dispute with Julian of Halicarnassus, 70, 1379, 2125 Coptic texts on, 304, 1455 and Dioscorus II, Patriarch, 45—46, 915 doctrinal position, 734 Encomia, 1193, 1196 and Eutyches, 1075 and Flavius Apion, 155 hymn ascribed to, 1733 on Isidorus of Pelusium, 1308 and John II, Patriarch, 1337 and Justin I, Emperor, 1383 on Michael, Archangel, 1618 and monophysitism, 734, 1442, 1672—1673, 1674, 1675, 2263 Moses of Abydos prophecy on, 1679—1680 and Oktokaidekaton monastery, 1826—1827 on Philotheus, Saint, 1961 portraits of, 726 relics and shrine of, 95, 1976 and Scetis monks, 2104 and Theodosius I, Patriarch, 2241 and Timothy III, Patriarch, 2268 see also Dayr Anba Sawirus Severus of al-Ashmnayn. See Sawirus ibn al-Muqaffa‘ Sextus, sentences of, 2119—2120 Seyffarth, Gustavus, 2125 Shabehmot, 2126 Shadrach, 1092 Shaft. See Column Shahran. See Dayr Shahran Shalan ibn ‘Uthman, Abu al-Hasan, 1395 Shamlah. See Taylasan Shamm al-Nasim, 2126 Shams al-Din, 21b26-2127 plan of church at, 2127 Shamul (martyr), 1558 Shanasha, 1209, 2127-2128 Shapur, King of Persia, 14, 1519, 1558 Shapurakan (Mani), 1521 Shaqalqil, pilgrimages to, 1974 Shaqq al-haykal, niches, 216, 221 Sharaf al-Din Hibat-Allah ibn Sa‘id al-Fa’izi, 1517 Sharah (Sharat). See Theotokion Shard. See Ostracon Sharqiyyah Province, monasteries in, 1655—1656 Sharunah, 2128 Shata, 1649 Shats. See Khandaq, al- Shawar (Muslim governor), 2043—2044 Shaw, George Bernard, 1996, 2088 Shawls, 642—643 linen and tapestry, 2223 Shawl of Sabine, 1754, 1755 Shaykh ‘Abadah. See Antinoopolis; Hafn Shaykh ‘Abd al-Qurnah, 1078, 2128, 2129 monastery explored by Evelyn-White, Hugh Gerard, 1078 tombs used as hermitages, 1225 see also Dayr Epiphanius Shaykh Abu al-Barakat ibn Abi Sa‘id, al-, 1535 Shaykh Hasan, al-, 2129 Shaykh al-Islam. See Bajuri, Shaykh Ibrahim, al- Shaykh Sa‘id, al-, 2130 Shekenda, King, 1514 Shem (son of Noah), 1901—1902 Paraphrase of, 166 Sheneset, 1859, 1860 Shen-hin. See Lecanoscopy Shenouda III, Patriarch, 2130 collected works of, 1782 consecration of Beirut, Lebanon, church, 1621 and Coptic Community Council, 582 and Coptic relations with Rome, 611 and Coptic youth movements, 2355 dates of patriarchy, 1919 and Dayr al-Suryan, 879 on divorce, 1943 establishment of Coptic eparchy in France, 1623 and Ethiopian church autocephaly, 982 on funerary customs, 1125 on Mark, Saint, 1529 on patriarchal election, 1911 and personal status laws, 1942 and Rabitat al-Quds, 2049 reestablishment of See of Pentapolis, 1613 selection method, 1999 Shenoute. See Shenute Shenufe, Saint, 307, 1526, 1558, 1585—1587, 2130—2131 Shenute (fourteenth-century scribe), 927 Shenute (seventh-century “new martyr”), 1558 Shenute I, Patriarch, 1527, 2133—2135 and al-Balyana, 333 and al-Batanun, 361 condemnation of cheirotonia, 517 dates of patriarchy, 1916 and destruction of Tall Atrib, 2200 feast day, 2087 and monastery wall construction, 750, 1237 Sawirus biography of, 1461 successor, 1412—1413 and Yuhanna as scribe and biographer, 2356 Shenute II, Patriarch, 2135 and Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550 Damru residence, 689 dates of patriarchy, 1917 and al-Faram bishopric, 1089—1090 selection method, 1999 Shenute, Saint, 2131—2133, 2132 and Abu Bishai, 738 antipaganism, 1868, 1870 as archimandrite, 193, 378 on birth of Moses of Abydos, 1679, 1680 and convents, 1663, 1822 Coptic texts of, 1452—1453, 1456 Dayr Abu Sayfayn church dedicated to, 710 depicted in Coptic art, 538—540, 727, 2132 as desert father, 894 feast day, 2087 and Greek philosophy, 1958 Grohmann’s studies of, 1186 and John of Lycopolis, 1365 and Joseph, Saint, 1370 life of, 737, 762, 781 and medicine, 1886 monasteries of, 729, 1661 and monastery libraries, 1448 on mourning, 1686 and Nestorius, 1787 numbers of monks under, 1662—1663 and Pachomian monasticism, 1453, 1664 and Physiologos, 1966 and Pidjimi, Saint, 1966-1967, 2086 on pilgrimage abuses, 1968 pilgrimages to burial site of, 1969—1970 Pjol and, 1974, 1981 poetry on, 1985, 1986 prophecy of, 707, 1679 and Pshoi, Saint, 2029 relics, 764 on the Resurrection, 1697 and Seth, 2121 and Thomas, Saint, 2256 and Victor of Tabennese, 2308 writings in Coptic language, 1168 and Zenobios, 2371 see also Dayr Anba Shinudah Shenutean idiom. See Appendix Shenute the Archimandrite. See Shenute, Saint Shenute of Bahnasa (martyr), 1558 Shenute of Hermopolis (seventh-century notary), archive of, 226 Shenuti (recluse), 1648 Sheol. See Afterlife The Shepherd of Hermas, 62, 63, 898, 1223 Shewa, 1590 Shibab al-Din Ahmad Nuwayri, 2136 Shihat, 377, 1135 Shinshif. See Naj‘ al-Shinshifi Shinudah, Anba. See Dayr Anba Shinudah; Shenute, Saint Shipbuilding centers, Alexandria, 89 Shirkuh. See Ghuzz Shirt. See Liturgical vestments Shoes. See Sandals and shoes A Short History of the Copts and Their Church (Maqrizi), 1525 Shotep. See Shutb Shtit (Coptic textile term), 2221 Shube (martyr), 1558 Shubra Nabat (Shubra Damru) (village), 689—690 Shukrallah Jirjis, 2136 Shukri, ‘Abd al-Rahman, 1466 Shumayyil, Shibli, 1996 Shutb, 797, 2136 Shute I, Saint, 2087 Shuttle. See Textiles, Coptic, manufacturing techniques Sibirbay, 1969, 2136 Sibylla, 1136, 1867 Sibylline Oracles, 899, 1867 Sicard, Claude, 1330, 1977, 2136-2137 on Antinoopolis, 145 on Dayr Anba Antuniyus, 722 on Dayr Anb Bakhum, 729—730 on Dayr al-Baramus, 791 on Dayr al-Jabrawi on Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Jirja), 825 Sicily, 182, 1099 Sickness. See Communion of the sick; Healings in Coptic literature; Medicine; Unction of the sick Sidarus, Gabriel, 1206, 2137 Siderius, Bishop of Palaebisca and Hydrax, 1612 Sidfa, pilgrimages to, 1974 Sidhom Bishay (new martyr), 1558 Sidon, Council of (511), 1962 Sidqi Pasha, Isma‘il, 1992 Sign of the Cross. See Holy Cross Day Sign of life, Egyptian. See Ankh Silk, used in Coptic textiles, 22 12—2213, 2213—2214 Silko, King, 1171 Silvanus, Teachings of. See Teachings of Silvanus Silvanus of Scetis, Saint, 1733, 2087, 2137, 2369 Silver, 576, 1599 Simaikah, Marcos. See Murqus Simaykah Sim‘an ibn Abi Nasr al-Tamada’i, 2138 Simeon (new martyr), 1558 Simeon, Saint, 745, 1633, 1778, 2087 see also Dayr Anba Hadra Simeon the Armenian (martyr), 1558 Simeon the elder, 1106—1107 Simeon the Potter of Geshir, Theotokia melodies ascribed to, 1726—1727 Simeonstift Coptic Collection. See Museums, Coptic collections Simeon the Stylite. See Pseudo-Macarius, homilies of; Simeon, Saint Simon, Apostle and Saint, 57 \ Simon, Jean, 2140 Simon I, Saint and Patriarch, 20, 85, 93, 2138—2139 and bishops of Nikiou, 1794 dates of patriarchy, 1915 feast day, 2087 as monk at the Enaton, 958 and ordination of Zacharias as bishop, 2368 Simon II, Saint and Patriarch, 2139 dates of patriarchy, 1916 feast day, 2087 and Yohannes I, Ethiopian prelate, 1001 Yuhanna as biographer, 2356 Simon the Mad, Saint, collected miracles of, 1783 Simon Simeionis, 1977 Simony. See Cheirotonia Simon the Zealot, Saint, relics, 764 Simplicius, Pope (Rome), 42, 43, 1218, 1671 Simyen Mountains, 1425 Sin. See Absolution; Atonement; Confession and penitence; Original sin; Penance Sina (martyr), 1089, 1558 Sinai Peninsula Christian pilgrimages and travelers in, 1976 Pharan oasis, 1952—1953 Raithou, 2049—2050 on route of flight into Egypt, 1118 Sinan Pasha, 1134 Sinbillawayn, al-, 1648 Singing. See Cantors; Chant; Choral singing; Hymns; Music, Coptic Sinhira. See Pilgrimages Sinhut, Bishop of Misr, 1615 Sinjar, 1722, 2140 Sinoda, Ethiopian prelate, 1025— 1026 Sinuthius, Saint, monastery of. See Dayr Anba Shinudah Siricus, Pope, 2249 Sirmium, Council of (359), 1089 Sirri, Husayn, 1990 Siryaqus Dayr Apa Hor, 77 1—772 pilgrimages to, 1974—1975 Sisinnius, Saint, paintings of, 727 Sisoes, Abba, 758, 2141 Sistrum (musical instrument), 1740, 1740 Siti, King of Dotawo, 922 Sitt Dimyanah. See Dayr Sitt Dimyanah Sitt al-Mulk, 18, 1097, 1098, 1201 Sitt Rifqah, 1971 Siwa (oasis), 1659, 2141 Sixtus III, Pope, 1440 Siyar al-Bi‘ah al-Muqaddasah. See History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria Skin diseases, 1579—1580 Skins. See Hides and skins Slaves, Nubian in Egypt, 1099 Sleep, prayer of. See Compline Sleeves, 1477—1478 Slippers, 1478 Smaller Church in the Febrius (Pharos island), 93 Smith, Morton, 2118, 2119 Smyrna martyrs, 1997—1998 sacrifice to Roman gods at, 890 Sne. See Isna Snuffer, 1598 Soba, 2141-2142 as capital of the Nubian kingdom of ‘Alwa, 110, 111, 1797 as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813 and Nubian archaeology, medieval, 1804 Socialism, 1996, 2088—2089 Socialist Action Party, 1991 Socialist Party, 1996 Socialist Union, 1991 Société d’archéologie copte. See Society of Coptic Archaeology Société française des fouilles archéologiques, 1482 Société royale de géographie de l’Egypte, 1698 Society of the Bollandists. See Bollandists Society of Coptic Archaeology (Cairo), 1700, 1891, 1892, 2142 and Bachatly, Charles, 323 and excavation of Dayr Apa Phoibammon, 779 and Omar Toussoun, 1841 \ and Sami Gabra, 2090 Society of Jesus. See Jesuits and the Coptic Church Socks, 646 Socrates (church historian), 2068, 2142 on Athanasius I, 298 on feast of the Ascension, 1105 on Gallus Caesar’s vision of the Holy Cross, 1244 on Helena, Empress, discovery of Holy Cross of Christ, 1243 on Jovian, Emperor, 1376 and Sozomen, 2145 supplemented by Theodoret, 2236 on Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247, 2248, 2250, 2252 Soknopaiou Nesos, 1390 Soldier—martyrs, 1964 Sol Invictus (pagan deity), 1617 Sollerius, Jean Baptiste, 1330 Solomon (Old Testament) as author of Physiologos, 1966 and guardian angel concept, 1186 poetry on, 1985, 1986 Psalms of, 166 Solomon, King of Nubia, 1099 Solon (anchorite), 1650 Son of Grace, Ethiopian doctrinal conflict, 1033 Songs, nonliturgical, 1744 Songs of Isis and Nephthys, 1732 Song of the Three Young Men in the Furnace, 4 Sophia (gnosticism), 1148, 1150, 1151, 1156 Sophia (martyr and mother of Eudamon and Epistamon), 1558 Sophia (wife of Christian governor of Antioch), 1307 Sophia, Empress (Justin II), 1384, 1676 Sophia, Saint, 2143-2144 compared with Hilaria, Saint, 1231 feast day, 1558 relics, 95, 783 The Sopha of Jesus Christ. See Eugnostos the Blessed and the Sophia of Jesus Christ Sophronius, 1467, 1560, 1666, 1676, 1667, 1678 Sossianus Hierocles, 907, 1937, 2009 Soul Authentikos Logos on, 309 exegisis on the, 1080—1081 preexistence, Ethiopian controversy, 985—986 preexistence, creed of, 900, 2118 see also Sophia (gnosticism) Souros, 635, 2144 Soviet Union. See Russia; Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Sozomen, 2068, 2145 on Athanasius I, 298 on Eucharistic fast, 1063 on flight into Egypt, 841 on Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1316 on Mareotis monks, 1527 on Temple of Serapis, 134 and Theodoret, 2236 on Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247 and Timothy I, Patriarch, 2263 Sozousa, 1934 Spain, papyrus collection, 1895 Spells. See Magic Speos Artemidos. See Bani Hasan and Speos Artemidos Sphinx, 2065 Spiegelberg, Wilhelm, 2145 Spindles and spindle whorls, wooden, 2335, 2336 Spinning, in manufacture of Coptic textiles, 2213—2214 Spirit. See Holy Spirit Spiritual Homilies, 1491 Spoon Coptic metalwork, 1603 as Eucharistic vessel, 1065—1066 Sprang, used in manufacture of Coptic textiles, 2218 Spring Shamm al-Nasim feast, 2126 see also Easter; Pascha Springs. See Water supply Staatliches Museum (Berlin), 2060 Stack, Sir Lee, 1990 Staff, pastoral. See Liturgical insignia Stamps terra-cotta, 498—499 wooden bread, State Museum of Berlin collection of, 2147 State Hermitage Museum, Leningrad, USSR, 1601, 1895 State Library, Berlin, 1892 State Museum of Berlin, 74, 2146-2147 papyrus collection, 1893, 1899 pen cases at, 1933 State of the Provinces, on Dayr Abu Maqrufah, 704 State and University Library, Hamburg, Germany, 1893 State and University Library of Lower Saxony, Göttingen, Germany, 1893 Statuary, 2147—2148, 2148 military, 649—650, 649, 2147—2148 see also Ceramics, Coptic; Sculpture in stone Stefanski, E., 2022 Stegemann, Viktor, 2148 Steindorif, Georg, 405, 780, 973, 1165, 2148 Steiner, Rudolf, 1149 Steinwenter, Arthur, 902, 1438, 2149 Stela, 2149-2152, 2149—2152, 2161 at al-Duwayr, 928 Epimachus of Pelusium, 965—966 inscriptions, 1293 in Louvre Museum, 1483 symbols, 2161—2162 wood, 2335—2336 see also Tombs Stephanite. See Estifanosites Stephanos of Ahnasyah, Bishop, illuminated manuscript, 1282 Stephanus (architect), 1682 Stephen, Saint, 2153 churches dedicated to, 1870 as deacon, 885 depicted in Coptic art, 869 feast day, 2087 martyrdom, 1558 Stephen of Hnes, Bishop, 1455, 2154 Stephen the Theban, 2154—2155 Stephen the Younger, Saint (martyr), 1275 Stern, Ludwig, 2155-2156 Steward. See Oikonomos Stewart, Randall, 1891 Sticharion, 1478—1479, 1478 Stippourgós (Coptic weaving term), 2221 Stoicism, 512, 1148, 1957 Stone. See Sculpture in stone, Coptic; specific types Stoppers, ceramic, 499 Strabo, 95—96, 1613 Stratelates. See Theodorus Stratelates, Saint; Victor Stratelates, Saint Strothmann, Rudolph, 2156 Strzygowski, Josef, 2156 Stucco Coptic sculpture in, 2113 Copto-Muslim art, 1311 Subakhmimic. See Appendix Subdeacon, 2156 in church hierarchy, 1229 Subdialects. See Appendix Subordinationism, 2156—2157, 1484 Arianism link with, 23 1—232 Origen on, 471 Suchos (god), 1418 Sudan, 1990, 1992, 2097 \ see also Beja tribes; Nubia headings Sudan, Catholic Copts in the, 2157-2158 Sudan, Coptic Evangelical Church in the, 2158 Sudan, Copts in the, 2158 Sudan Antiquities Service, 1588 Sudan National Museum, 1091 Suez, Franciscan church in, 1123 Suez Canal, 1636, 1637, 1692 Suhaj Dayr Anba Bishoi, 736-740, 1654 Dayr Anba Shinudah, 761-770, 767, 1654 monasteries in region of, 884, 1650— 1651 Sullam. See Appendix Sullam al-Kabir, al-. See Scala Magna Sullam al-Muqaffa wa-al-Dhahab al-Musaffa, al- (Abu Ishaq), 1748 Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, 1517—1518 Summa theologiae (Abu Ishaq ibn al-‘Assal), 21, 1779 Sunbat, 2159 pilgrimages to, 1971 Sunday, 1901, 2159-2160 consecration of patriarch on, 1909 Easter, 1904, 1905 lectionary for, 1435—1436, 1437 Palm Sunday, 1103—1104 service for ordination of priest, 2013—2015 Sunday School movement, 933, 2090, 2091, 2355 Sunday of Thomas, feast of, 1108 Sunni Islam, 1097 Suq‘i Fadl Allah ibn Fakhr, al-, 2160 Surety, 1430 Suriel, Archangel, 190, 2160 Surur ibn Jirja, Archdeacon of Alexandria, 1960 Suryal. See Suriel, Archangel Suryal, Father Salib, 1623 Susinius, Saint, 2087 Suwwah (Arabic term). See Anchorites Swinburne, Thomas de, 1976—1977 Swiss Reformation, 1110 Switzerland archaeological activity in the Kellia, 1400—1406 Bibliotheca Bodmeriana (Bodmer Library), 404 Coptic churches in, 1624 Coptic collections, 1711—1712 Egyptology, 895 Mauritius, Saint, veneration, 1572 papyrus collection, 1895 sites of veneration, 1110 Theban Legion, 1082, 2231—2233 Syllabication. See Appendix Symbols in Coptic art, 270, 293, 1259, 2160-2171, 2161-2171 alpha and omega, 2160—2163 conch shell, 2163—2164 cross, 2164—2165 dolphins, 2168—2169 eagle, 2167—2169 fish, 2170—2171 nimbus, 2171 see also Cross, Triumph of the Symeon. See Pseudo-Macarius, homilies of, 2028 Symeon (martyr). See John and Symeon Symmachus, Pope (Rome), 44, 45 Symphronius. See Panine Synaxarion, Copto-Arabic, 2171-2190 authorship, 1626—1627 and lectionary, 1435 source of knowledge about saints, 1044—1045, 2173—2190 on Theotokos, 2256 translation into Ge’ez, 722 word apa in, 152 see also Hagiography, Coptic Synaxarion, Ethiopian, 2190-2191 Syncletica, 2192 Synesius, Bishop of Ptolemais, 100, 1612, 1935, 2192, 2247 Synod, Holy, 2193—2194 and bishop’s consecration, 395 patriarchal deputies in, 1911 see also Patriarch headings Synodicon (Damian), 1455 Synod of Diospolis, 1930 Synods, letters of, 2194 Synod of Tyre, 1962 Synoptic Gospels, 1157, 2195 see also Gospel of Saint Luke; Gospel of Saint Matthew; Gospel of Saint Mark Synthronon, 221—222 Syria and Acacian schism, 45, 46 anaphora of Saint Basil, 121—123 Ignatius IX, Patriarch, consecration in Egypt, 1131 influences on Coptic art, 2195 Mark II, Patriarch, relations with, 1533, 1534 monasteries, 876, 877, 878 monasticism origins in, 1663 monastic practices in, 1662 monophysites, 547—548, 1675, 1676, 1677 and origin of Gospel of Thomas, 1163 Syriac language inscriptions in, 1290 Philoxenus of Mabbug’s writings, 1962 Syriacos, Saint, 2087 Syrian influences on Coptic art, 2195 Syrian Orthodox church and Jacob Baradaeus, 1318—1319 and monophysitism, 547—548, 1675, 1676, 1677 see also Jacobites Syrian, the. See Ephraem Syrus, Saint T_______________________ Tabennese, 1976, 2197 Pachomian monastery, 685, 1657, 1662, 1859—1860, 1973—1974 Paphnutius at, 1882 and Pbow, 1927 Victor of, Saint, 2308 women’s monastery founded at, 1663 Tabennesiotes. See Metanoia, Monastery of the; Monasticism, Pachomian Tab‘i, Muhammad al-, 1991 Tablet loom, for manufacture of Coptic textiles, 2216, 2216, 2217 Tableware ceramic, 487—499 glass, 1143—1144, 1143, 1144, 1147 see also Missoria Tacitus, Emperor, patriarch under, 1914 Tadrus. See Theodorus of Tabennese, Saint Tadrus, Ramzi, 1466 Tadrus al-Mashriqi, 2197 Tadrus Shinudah al-Manqabadi, 2197-2198 Tadrus al-Shutbi (martyr), 1974 Tafa, 2198 as episcopal see of Nubia, 1813, 2200 Tafsir, 1687, 2198—2199 Taharqa temple, 2036, 2037 Tahrir al-Mar’ah (Amin), 1994 Tahtawi, Rifa‘ah al-, 1994 Taifa. See Tafa Taj. See Miter Taj al-Riyasah Abu Ishaq ibn Fadlallah, 20 Takinash, 758, 2199 Takla, Abuna, The Services of the Deacon, 1729, 1737 Takla Haymanot, Ethiopian saint, 1049—1050 Takla Haymot, chapel of. See Church of al-Mu‘allaqah (Old Cairo) Takritans, at Dayr al-Suryan, 876, 877 Tala‘i ibn Ruzzayj, 761 Tall al-‘Amarnah, 2199 Tall Atrib, 307, 1620, 2199-2200 Tall Brothers, 113, 916, 1357, 2249—2251 see also Ammonius; Dioscorus; Eusebius; Euthymius Tall al-Farama. See Farama, al- Talmis, 2200 Tambuq, 1648 Tamerlane (Timur), impact on Dayr al-Suryan, 877 Tamit, 2200—2201, 2201 example of Byzantine cross-in-square building at, 661 Tamnuh, 2201 Tamuh, Dayr al-Ahmar at, 716 Tamulawus, King (Greek island), 2253 Tamwayh, Dayr Abu al-Sayfayn at, 709—710 Tanaithis, 1657 Tanbida, 1653, 2201 Tapers, cross and, 1469 Tapestries, 264, 273, 1483 of Coptic icons, 2222—2230, 2309 Coptic weaving, 2217 dancers depicted in, 277, 2230 Harraniyyah workshops, 2051 Icon of the Virgin, 542, 543 Nilometer depicted in, 1794, 1795 Parthian horseman depicted in, 538 portraiture, 2005, 2006 State Museum of Berlin collection, 2146—2147 Triumph of the Cross, 658—659, 659 see also Symbols in Coptic art; Textiles, Coptic Taposiris Magna. See Abusir (Tapisiris Magna) Taqi al-Din Abu al-Baqa’ Salih ibn al-Husayn al-Ja‘fari, al-Safi ibn al-‘Assal reply to, 2078—2079 Taranim (songs), 1744 Tarasius of Constantinople, Patriarch, 1112, 1115 Tarbu, Abu, 1507 Tarh, 1479, 1726 hos paraphrase, 1727 and sab‘ah wa-arba‘ah, 2017 and tubh, 2279 and watus, 2320 Tarikh Batarikat al-Iskandariyyah al-Qibt. See History of the Patriarchs Tarikh al-Kana’is wa-al-Adyurah. See Abu al-Makarim; Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and Neighboring Countries Tarminah (martyr), 1653 Tarnut, 1, 2202 Tarsikários (Coptic weaving term), 2221 Tartib mashat al-muluk. See Kings, anointing of Tasempoti. See Sunbat Tattam, Henry, 1148, 2202 Tawfiq. See Muhammad ‘Ali dynasty Tawfiq Coptic Society, 374, 933, 1465, 2198 Tawqi‘at al-Musiqiyyah li-Maraddat al-Kanisah al-Murqusiyyah, al-(Ghubriyal), 1743 Taxation accounting, 50, 52 apostolic canons on, 453 Arab conquest of Egypt and, 72, 85—86, 185, 1430 Blemmyes, 228 in Byzantine period in Alexandria, 98 of Dayr Anba Maqar, 749-750 of dhimmis, 72 by French in Egypt, 1417 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah on, 1269 and islamization of Egypt, 937—938 land and communal property (kharaj), 72, 85—86, 87, 189, 636, 656, 1413—1414, 2093, 2134—2135 Mamluk dynasty, 1517 of monasteries, 1643 Moses of Awsim resistance to, 1679 mubashirun (officials), 1687— 1688 pagarch role in, 1871—1872 poll (jizyah), 72, 85—87, 187, 189, 303, 622, 636, 656, 665, 2134—2135 Roman. See Taxation in Roman Egypt and Shenute I, 2134—2135 Umayyad administration, 2287—2288 Taxation in Roman Egypt, 98, 237—238, 904, 905, 945, 2009, 2202-2206 annona civica, 135 annona militaris, 135—136; see also Army: Roman boule, 414 Tayaban (martyr), 1553 Taylasan, 1479 Tbow, 2207 Petronius’s founding of monastery at, 1952 The Teaching of the Apostles. See Didache Teachings of Silvanus, 2207-2208 Tebtunis. See Monasteries of the Fayyum; Umm al-Barakat Tebtynis. See Umm al-Barakat Tecla, Saint. See Paese and Tecla, Saints Television, 1088 Tell Idfu, ceramics of. See Ceramics, Coptic Temple of Amun, 1484—1485 Temple of Hathor, 816, 817, 1656, 1874 Temple of Hatshepsut, 1874 see also Dayr al-Bahri Temple of Imhotep, 1874 Temple of Isis, 107, 1292, 1801, 1870, 1874, 1954, 1954 Temple in Jerusalem, Pentecost and, 1446 Temple of Karnak, 1392—1394, 1484 Temple of Kom Ombo, 1418 Temple of Luxor, 1870 Temple of Month, 1494 Temples altars, 106 churches built on sites of, 1292, 1870, 1874, 1954 Dandarah, 690, 691 Hawwarah, 1210—1211 Jewish (Leontopolis), 1866 pharaonic-style, 1865 Taharqa, 2036, 2037 Tud as cultic center, 2279—2280 Temples, Egyptian, 1496—1499 Temple of Seti I, 1874 Temples of Nectanebo II, 1653 Ten Canons. See Nomocanon Tentyra. See Dandarah Ter and Erai, Saints (martyrs), 1117, 1221, 1558, 2209 Termoute. See Patermuthius, Saint Terra-cotta. See Ceramics, Coptic Tertullian (apologist), 176, 177—178, 917, 1548, 1638 on abstinence practice, 17 on consubstantiality, 1253 on immersion, 1286 on incense use, 1472 on Last Judgment, 1379 on Nativity date, 1102 patristic writings, 1920, 1921 on prayers for the dead, 889 on remarriage of widows (digamy), 901 Tes. See Akhmim Tesmine. See Akhmim Testament of Abraham, 163, 164 Testament of Isaac, 164 Testament of Isaac, Coptic version of. See Coptic Testament of Isaac Testament of Jacob, 164 Testament of Job, 164 Testament of Joshua, 164 Testament of Moses, 164 Testaments of the Patriarchs, 163—164 Testamentum Domini, in the Octateuch of Clement, 1824 Testimony of Truth, 1301, 2209-2210 Tetraconch, 222 Tetradite, 688 Tetramorph, depicted in Coptic art, 539—540 Tetrapla. See Hexapla and Tetrapla Tewodros II, Emperor, 1590 Textiles, Coptic, 268—269, 273,276, 2210–2230, 2211, 2213–2214, 2216–2218, 2222-2230 Amazons depicted in, 1751 -- 1752 Arab conquest of Egypt impact on, 1311 clothing. See Costume, civil; Costume, military; Costume of the relgious dancers depicted in, 1756— 1757 Dionysus portraits, 1760 historiography of, 255—258 Louvre Museum collection of, 255—258, 1483 measurement, 1611 monastic weavers, 1641 Nubian, 1819—1820 pastoral scenes depicted in, 1766—1767 portraiture, 1760, 2001 preservation of, 279 production of fabrics, 2220—2221 Sassanid artistic influence, 2097—2098 and spindles and spindle whorls, 2335 State Museum of Berlin collection of, 2146—2147 see also Symbols in Coptic art; Tapestries Textiles, Nubian, 1819—1820 Textiles preservation. See Art preservation Teza, Emilio, 2230 Thais. See Sarapion Thalassius, Prefect of Illyricum, 2017 Thaleia (Arius), 82, 230, 232, 1253, 1733 Thanksgiving, prayer of, 1715, 2007, 2126 Tharwat, ‘Abd al-Khaliq, 1990 Thebaid, the. See Sa‘id Theban hermitages. See Hermitages, Theban Theban Legion, 1110, 1936, 2231—2233, 2232-2233 and Exuperantius, Saint, 1082 martyrdom, 1082, 1555, 1558, 1559, 2057 and Mauritius, Saint, 1572 and Regula, Saint, 2086 and Ursus of Solothurn, 2292 and Verena, Saint, 2087, 2299 and Victor of Solothurn and Geneva, Saint, 2302 Thebes end to institutionalized paganism in, 1870 hermitages, 1225 Luxor and, 1484 monasteries dedicated to Phoibammon at, 1964—1965 monasteries in region of, 1656, 1657 monastic murals at, 1874 papyrus collections, 1893, 1895 Persian occupation of, 1939 prosopography, 2022 Roman travelers in, 2065 Thecla, Saint church of, 1652 depicted in Coptic art, 540—54 1 martyrdom, 540, 892, 1558 relics and miracles of, 544, 1774 Thecla and Mudi (martyrs), 1559 Thekla al-Habishi (monk—painter), 753—754 Themistius (Alexandrian deacon), 70—71 Thenaud, Jean, 722, 1977, 2050 Theoclas, Saint. See Heraclas, Saint Theoclia (martyr), 1559 Theodora (fourth-century martyr), 31, 1554 Theodora, Empress, 944, 1046, 1682—1682, 2234—2235 and Abraham of Farshut, 11—12 and Anastasia, 125 and Jacob Baradaeus, 1319, 1386, 1675, 2235 and Monophysites, 1386, 1674, 1675 and Nubian evangelization, 1801 Procopius on, 2019, 2234, 2235 and Theodosius I, Patriarch, 2241 and Timothy III, Patriarch, 2268 Theodora, Saint (fifth century), 2235, 2087 and Oktokaidekaton monastery, 1826 Theodora, Saint (third century), 2087 Theodore (missionary), 1480 Theodore I, Pope (Rome), 1678 Theodore. See Theodorus Theodoret, Bishop of Cyrrhus, 515, 914, 1672, 2068, 2235-2237 on Athanasius I, 298 and Justinian, Emperor, 1386 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2247 Theodorus (recluse), 2055 Theodorus, Bishop of Pentapolis, 1559 Theodorus, Emperor (Ethiopia), 1693 Theodorus, Patriarch, 1589, 2237 dates of patriarchy, 1915 feast day, 2087 successor, 1410—1412 and Tamnuh, 2201 Theodorus, Saint, 2237—2238 Theodorus of Alexandria, Saint, 32, 1952, 2087, 2238 Theodorus Anatolius (martyr), 1559, 2238 Theodorus of Antioch (fictitious), 2032, 2268 Theodorus Balsamon, 1540 Theodorus the General. See Theodorus Stratelates, Saint Theodorus of Mopsuestia, 597, 2017, 1672, 2238—2239 on communicatio idiomatum, 578 and Constantinople, Second Council of, 595 and Cyril I, 673 Justinian, Emperor, condemnation of, 1386, 2239 on Kiss of Peace, 1416 on the nature of Christ, 547 opposition to Apollinarius, 174 Theodoret history of, 2236 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2249 Theodorus the Oriental, paintings of, 726, 727 Theodorus of Pherme, Saint, 56, 2087, 2239 Theodorus of Shotep. See Theodorus Stratelates, Saint Theodorus Stratelates, Saint, 727, 796—797, 1559, 1609, 2237-2238 relics at Dayr al-Amir Tadrus, 718 Theodorus of Tabennese, Saint, 1257, 1448, 1864, 1927, 2239-2240 Coptic texts of, 1451—1452 as desert father, 894 distinguished from Theodorus of Alexandria, Saint, 2238 feast day, 2087 founding of monasteries for women, 1663, 1822 and Letter of Ammon, 1445, 2030 as Pachomian disciple, 1664, 1860, 1861, 1862 papyrus collection of letters, 1894 personal characteristics, 2240 Theodorus and Timothy (martyrs), 1559 Theodosia of Alexandria (martyr), 1554, 1559 Theodosians (Severians), 734, 790, 876, 2240-2241 Theodosius (martyr), 1553 Theodosius (tax collector), 66 Theodosius I, Emperor on age of deaconesses, 888 antipaganism, 1869, 1870, 2248 and Constantinople, First Council of, 593—595 and Henoticon edict, 1218 and Maximus and Domitius, 789—790, 1577 and miracles of Phoibammon of Preht, 1963 patriarch under, 1914 and Raphael, Archangel, 2054 and Theodorus of Mopsuestia, 2238 and Theophilus, Patriarch, 2248, 2251 Thessalonica, edict of (380), 1947 Theodosius II, Emperor and Chalcedon, Council of, 512—513 Codex Theodosianus, 571 and Elias, 748 Ephesus, First Council of, 959—960 and Ephesus, Second Council of, 913, 961—962, 1441, 1670 and Eutyches, 913, 1074—1075 on Holy Chrism ingredients, 522 Olympiodorus of Thebes on, 1840 patriarchs under, 1914—1915 and Proclus, 2017 Pulcheria as regent, 2033 and Scetis monks, 1120 and Victor of Tabennese, 2308 Theodosius I, Saint and Patriarch, 2241 Alexandrian church restoration, 93 Cosmas Indicopleustes and, 640 dates of patriarchy, 1915 and Dayr Anba Maqar, 749 deposition and return, 1674, 1675 feast day, 2087 and Gaianus as rival patriarch, 1138 homily on Michael, Archangel, 1619 and Julian, Evangelist, 1380 and Longinus’ missions, 1480 Moses of Abydos prophecy on, 1679—1680 and Severus of Antioch, 2104 and Theodosians, 2240—2241 Theodosius II, Patriarch, 94, 558, 1209, 2241-2242, 2359 burial site, 848 and the chrism at Church of Abu Sayfayn, 550 dates of patriarchy, 1917 as monk at Dayr Abu Fanah, 698 Theodosius of Jerusalem, Bishop, 2242, 2303 Theodota (martyr), 1554 Theodotus (Dynamic Monarchian), 1638 Theodotus (martyr and disciple of Athanasius), 1559 Theodotus (martyr under Valerian), 1552 Theodotus of Ancyra, Bishop, 2242—2243 Theodoxia (fourth-century martyr), 31, 1554 Theodulf of Orleans, 1115 Theognius of Nicaea, 84, 1484 Theognosta, Saint, 2087, 2243—2244, 2087 Theologians Abu Shakar ibn al-Rahib, 33 Agathonicus of Tarsus, 69-70 Clement of Alexandria, 562— 563 Draguet, René, 924 Duchesne, Louis, 925 Eusebius of Caesarea, 1070—1071 Hardy, Edward R., 1206 Hippolytus, 1235—1236 Horner, George W., 1257 Jablonski, Paul Ernst, 1318 John Chrysostom, 1357—1359 John of Parallos, Saint, 1367—1368 Leipoldt, Johannes, 1439 Lucian of Antioch, 1484 Mansi, Giovanni Domenico, 1523—1524 Origen, 1846—1855 patristics, 1920—1921 Schermann, Theodor, 2106 Seyffarth, Gustavus, 2125 Theodorus of Mopsuestia, 2238—2239 Theodosius I, Saint and Patriarch, 2241 Tischendorf, Konstantin von, 2269 Wilke (Wilkius, Wilkins), David, 2322 see also Apologist; Scholars Theology Alexandrian, 103-104 Catechetical School of Alexandria, 469—472 Clerical College (Cairo), 563 —564 see also Chalcedon, Council of; Christology; Heresy; other specific councils and aspects Theonas (recluse), 2055 Theonas, Patriarch, 2244-2246 and Achillas, 55 and Alexandrian churches, 93, 102, 588 dates of patriarchy, 1914 and Manichaean asceticism, 88 and Peter I as successor, 1936, 1937 Theonas of Libya (dissenter), 84 Theone (martyr), 1559 Theopemptos of Antioch, panegyric on Victor Stratelates, Saint, 2306 Theophanes, Patriarch, 2247 dates of patriarchy, 1916 and Ethiopian prelates, 1002 successor, 1632 Theophanes the Chronicler, 2017, 2020, 2264 Theophila (martyr), 1 Theophilos I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 1246—1247, 1325, 2049, 2247 Theophilus, Patriarch, 1978, 2247-2252 and Ammonius of Kellia, 113, 686 anthropomorphism rejection by, 143, 154, 1884, 2103, 2249—2250 and Antioch schisms, 2248—2249 and Bostra affair, 2249 church-building and consecrations by, 24, 93, 94, 101, 1969, 2248 collected works, 1782 and consecration of Holy Chrism, 521 cycle of, 667 and Cyril I, 671 dates of patriarchy, 1914 and Dioscorus, 915—916 feast day, 2087 and Gregory of Nyssa, 1185 and Hadra of Aswan, 1190 and John the Baptist, 1355 and John Chrysostom, 1357, 2250—2251, 2252 and Kellia monks, 1076, 1397 Letter of Ammon to, 1445 on miracles of George, Saint, 592 and Monastery of the Metanoia, 1608, 1611 and Nikiou, 1793 and Origenist teachings, 471—472, 916, 2249—2250, 2252 and Pachomian monks, 1861 pagan attacks on, 1869—1870 on Raphael, Archangel, 2053 reputation, 2252 and Scetis monks, 2103, 2249 Serapeum destruction order, 31—32, 134, 2248 on Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 2258 writings, 2251—2252 Theophilus, Saint (monk), 2253-2254, 2087 Theophylact. See Cosmas Theophylact, Archbishop of Ochrida, 1113 Theopista, Saint (2nd century). See Eustathius and Theopista Theopista, Saint, and Macarius, Bishop of Nikiou, 1794 Theopista and Dorotheus, and Michael, Archangel, 1618, 1619 Theopiste (daughter of Zeno), 1230—1231 Theopiste (fourth-century martyr), 31, 1554 Theopistus of Alexandria, 2254 Theotokion, 900, 1687, 1724, 1726, 1727, 1728, 1986, 2254-2255 doxology, 924 lobsh as conclusion for, 1479 and tafsir, 2198 Virgin analogy with censer, 1470 and watus, 2320 Theotokos, 514, 528, 672, 883, 2026, 2255 Annunciation and, 528-529 Basil the Great catechesis, 351—352 Chalcedon, Council of, on, 514, 2255 communicatio idiomatum on, 578 and Constantinople, 1276 controversy over term, 475 Coptic position on, 101, 1785 Cyril I on, 270, 672 Dayr Apa Jeremiah wall paintings, 78 Dioscorus on, 525 Ephesus, First Council on, 960 Henoticon on, 1217—1218 intercession of, 108 John of Antioch on, 1354 mentioned at bishop’s consecration, 396 monasteries dedicated to, 714, 876 Monophysite, 1669 Nestorian opposition, 960 Nestorius on, 672 Proclus sermon on, 2017, 2018 Theodoret on, 2236 see also Annunciation; Christ, nature of; Christology Theotokos, Feasts of the, 2256 Therapeutae (Jewish ascetics), 1661 antiphon use, 148—149 and origin of antiphonal chanting, 148 Therenoutis. See Tarnut Theriac of the Understanding in the Science of the Fundamentals, 20—21 Thessalonica, Edict of (380), 1947 Thetis, depicted in Coptic art, 1767—1768, 1768 Theurgy. See Magic Thévenot, Jean de, 791, 1977 Thiqah ibn al-Duhayri. See Ibn al-Dahiri Thmius. See Tmuis Thmone as loanword in place-names, 2273 Thomas, Apostle and Saint and Assumption of Mary, 292 and missions in India, 708, 1635 Pseudo-Cyril of Alexandria homily on, 2025—2026 Thomas, Bishop of Damascus (new martyr), 1559 Thomas, Saint, 2256 churches dedicated to, 835—836, 835 and Dayr al-Janadlah, 705 feast of, 1108 Thomas, Sunday of, 1108 Thomas Aquinas, Saint, 1115, 1186 Thomas of Shinshif (hermit), 781 Thompson, Henry Francis Herbert, 2257 Thoth (pagan deity), 917, 1617 in Coptic calendar, 438 and Nawruz name derivation, 1784 shrine at al-Ashmunayn (Hermopolis Magna), 285 Thought of Norea (gnostic tractate), 2257 “Three Chapters” controversy, 1676 Three Graces, depicted in Coptic art, 1768 Three Hebrew Children (martyrs). See Three Hebrews in the Furnace Three Hebrews in the Furnace, 4, 1553, 1634, 2257—2259 Three Risen Saints. See Exuperantius, Saint; Felix, Saint; Regula, Saint Three Stelae of Seth, 2259-2260, 2007 and Gospel of the Egyptians, 1154 and Valentinian Exposition, 2295 and Zostrianus, 2372 Three Youths, sanctuary of (Dayr Anba Maqar), 752 Thu‘ban al-Rahib, al-. See al-Sani Abu al-Majd Butrus ibn al- Muhadhdhib Abu al-Faraj Thunder, Perfect Mind, 2260 Thursday. See Maundy Thursday Tibarcius. See Valerianus and Tibarcius Tiberius II, Emperor, 125—126, 688, 1675, 2061—2062 patriarch under, 1915 Tiberius Julius Alexander (prefect of Egypt), 2061 Tihna al-Jabal, 2260-2261 Tij. See Abu Tij Til, Apa (martyr), 1089, 1559, 2261 Till, Walter Curt Franz Theodor Karl Alois, 1891, 1894, 2022, 2261 life of Zenobios, 2371 work on Coptic law, 1438 Tilodj. See Pispir Tima, Dayr Abu Bifam at, 697 Timolaus (martyr), 1559 Timon, first deacon, 885 Timotheos I, Archbishop of Jerusalem, 358, 1245—1246, 1325, 2262 and Haile Selassie I, 1198 Timotheus (pupil of Dionysius the Great), 909 Timotheus the Egyptian. See Timothy of Memphis (martyr) Timotheus, Saint, 1883, 2087, 2262-2263 Timothy (martyr), 1553 see also Theodorus and Timothy (martyrs) Timothy, Bishop of Antinoopolis (martyr without bloodshed), 1559 Timothy, Bishop of Ephesus, 1432, 2015 Timothy, Bishop of Qasr Ibrim, 829 Timothy I, Saint and Patriarch, 2263 on Abbaton, 2 dates of patriarchy, 1914 feast day, 2087 Timothy II Aelurus (“the Cat”), Patriarch, 24, 1609, 2263-2267 and Abu Mina church completion, 94, 2248 and Acacian schism, 42—47 Christology, 2266—2267 Coptic—Melchite split and disputed patriarchal succession, 1583, 1670, 1671, 1947, 1948, 2268 dates of patriarchy, 1915 as Dioscorus’s successor, 915, 1441, 1442 and Eikoston monks, 951 and Enaton monks, 956—957 and Ephesus, Third Council of, 962 exile of, 525 and family of Zeno, Emperor, 2369—2370 feast day, 2087 and History of the Patriarchs authorship, 1239 John of Mayuma on, 1366 life, 2264—2266 on Michael, Archangel, 1618—1619 writings, 2266 Timothy III, Patriarch, 2268 and Cosmas Indicopleustes, 640, 2268 dates of patriarchy, 1915 Justin I, Emperor and, 1384 and Severus of Antioch, 2125 Theodosius I and, 2241 Timothy and Matthias (martyrs), 1559 Timothy of Memphis (martyr), 1559 Timothy Salofaciolus (“Wobble-Cap”), Patriarch, 42, 43, 1442, 1609, 1671, 1947, 2265, 2268—2269 Tinnis, 2269 Tiridates, King of Armenia, 1183 Tirsa, 2269 Tiryaq al-‘Uqul fi Ilm al-Usul, 1464 Tischendorf, Konstantin von, 1893, 1900, 2269 Tisserant, Eugène, 2270 Titkooh. See Bawit Titus, Bishop of Crete, 1432, 2015 Titus, Emperor and Josephus Flavius, 1375 patriarch under, 1913 visit to Egypt, 2062, 2066 Tkow, paganism in, 1870 Tmone. See Minya Tmoone as loanword in place-names, 2273 Tmoushons. See Bakhanis-Tmoushons Tmuis, 1648, 2270 Tobias, 2052—2053, 2054 Tobit, 2052—2053, 2054 Toilet articles, 2336—2338, 2337—2339 Tokoa. See Menarti Toledo, Third Synod of (589), 1112 Tolemaeus, Saint (martyr), 1559, 2271 see also Apaiule and Tolemaeus, Saints Tomb of the Martyr. See Abu Mina Tombs architecture and decoration of. See Sculpture in stone, Coptic Bani Hasan, 334—335 Catherine of Alexandria, Saint, 1683 Dayr al-‘Adhra’, 715 Dayr Anba Bisadah, 733 Dayr Anba Hiziqyal, 748 Dayr Apa Jeremiah (Saqqara), 776 Dayr al-Madinah, 8 17—818 Dayr al-Misaykrah, 840 Dayr al-Mutttin, 843 Dayr Qubbat al-Hawa, 850, 851, 851 Dayr al-Qusayr, 853 Dayr Rifah, 855—856 hermits’ at Asyut, 114 inscriptions, 1291, 1292, 1293— 1296 inscriptions, Nubian, 1814— 1815 inscriptions of visitors from Roman period, 2066 Jabal al-Tarif, 1657, 1771 Meir, 1583—1583 Menas the Miracle Maker, 24 mural paintings, 1873 Nag Hammadi codices find, 1771 oldest Coptic tombstones, 1294 pharaonic at Abydos, 39 pharaonic at Ahnas, 73—76 Phib, Saint, 1954 al-Shaykh Sa‘id, 2130 Speos Artemidos, 334—335 see also Cemeteries; Reclusion; Stela Tome of Leo, 514, 578, 961, 1075, 1441 and Acacian schism, 44—46, 1384 and Chalcedon, Council of, 514—515, 1441, 1442, 1675 communicatio idiomatum doctrine, 578 and Constantinople, Second Council, on, 595 Dioscorus I and, 913, 914, 915 Henoticon and, 1218 and monophysitism, 1670, 1671, 1672, 1674 Pulcheria and, 2033 Samu’il of Qalamun and, 2092 Tambuq monastery rejection of, 1648 Tome of Proclus, 2017 Tome of Union (633), 1667 Tomus of Lyons, 692 Tools, for woodworking, 2326 Topography Christian Topography, 640—641, 1635 al-Maqrizi study, 1525 Toponymy, Coptic, 2271-2274 Topos (place), 153 Topos al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu). See Dayr al-Malak Mikha’il (Idfu) Topos al-Qiddis Yuhannis. See Dayr al-Saqiyah Torah, 2109, 2111 Toronto, Canada, 1621 Tóth, Margit, 1741, 1743 Toulon, France, Coptic congregations in, 1623 Toussoun, Omar. See Omar Toussoun Tower. See Keep Tower of Palaemon, 749 Towns and settlements ‘Abdallah Nirqi, 4 Abu Mina, 24—25 Abusir, 34 Abusir Bana, 36—37 Abusir al-Malaq, 37 Abu Tij, 38 Aflaqah, 64 Agharwah, 70 Ahnas, 73—76 Aphrodito, 153—154 Aqbat, 182—183 Aqfahs, 183 Ashmun Tanah, 288 Aswan, 294—296 Atris, 307—308 Awsim, 311—312 Azari, 315—316 Babij, 317 al-Bagawat, 326—329, 327, 328 Bahij, 330 Bahjurah, 330 Bakhanis-Timoushons, 331 al-Ballas, 333 al-Banawan, 334 Bani Kalb, 335 Barbish, 349 Bilad, 391 Biljay, 391 Birma, 392 Burah, 425 al-Burullus, 427 Bush, 427 Clysma, 565 confraternities in, 586—587 Dahlak, 685 Dahshur, 685 Dalas, 685 Damallu, 686 Damanhur, 686—687 Damanhur al-Wahsh, 688 Damru, 689—690 Dandarah, 690—69 1 Daqadus, 692 Daqahlah, 693 al-Dayr, 695 Dayr Rifah, 855—856 Dimayrah, 902—903 Dinushar, 903—904 Dush, 927—928 al-Duwayr, 928 Egyptian nome capitals, 1175, 1177, 1179 Elephantine, 951—952, 952 Faras, 1090—1091 Farshut, 1092-1093 Fishah, 1117 Greek towns in Egypt, 1179—1181 Hajir Idfu, 1200 at Hawwarah, 1210—1211 at Hawwariyyah, 1211, 1211—1212 Hilwan, 1233 Jabal ‘Adda, 1315 Jabal Khashm al-Qu‘ud, 1315—1316 Jabal al-Silsilah, 1316 Jirja, 1330—1331 Karanis, 1390 Karm al-Akhbariyyah, 1391—1392 al-Khandaq, 1413 Khirbat al-Filusi