Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus)
Sea ice is believed to be a major factor shaping gene flow for polar marine organisms, but it remains unclear to what extent it represents a true barrier to dispersal for arctic cetaceans. Bowhead whales are highly adapted to polar sea ice and were targeted by commercial whalers throughout Arctic an...
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ftcityunivny:oai:academicworks.cuny.edu:yc_pubs-1117 2023-05-15T14:48:26+02:00 Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) Alter, S Elizabeth Rosenbaum, Howard C Postma, Lianne D Whitridge, Peter Gaines, Cork Weber, Diana Egan, Mary G Lindsay, Melissa Amato, George Dueck, Larry Brownell, Robert L Heide-Jørgensen, Mads-Peter Laidre, Kristin L Caccone, Gisella Hancock, Brittany L 2012-11-18T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://academicworks.cuny.edu/yc_pubs/92 https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1117&context=yc_pubs English eng CUNY Academic Works https://academicworks.cuny.edu/yc_pubs/92 https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1117&context=yc_pubs Publications and Research Ancient DNA arctic cetacean marine mammal mitochondrial DNA whaling article 2012 ftcityunivny 2021-04-10T19:16:19Z Sea ice is believed to be a major factor shaping gene flow for polar marine organisms, but it remains unclear to what extent it represents a true barrier to dispersal for arctic cetaceans. Bowhead whales are highly adapted to polar sea ice and were targeted by commercial whalers throughout Arctic and subarctic seas for at least four centuries, resulting in severe reductions in most areas. Both changing ice conditions and reductions due to whaling may have affected geographic distribution and genetic diversity throughout their range, but little is known about range-wide genetic structure or whether it differed in the past. This study represents the first examination of genetic diversity and differentiation across all five putative stocks, including Baffin Bay-Davis Strait, Hudson Bay-Foxe Basin, Bering-Beaufort-Chukchi, Okhotsk, and Spitsbergen. We also utilized ancient specimens from Prince Regent Inlet (PRI) in the Canadian Arctic and compared them with modern stocks. Results from analysis of molecular variance and demographic simulations are consistent with recent and high gene flow between Atlantic and Pacific stocks in the recent past. Significant genetic differences between ancient and modern populations suggest PRI harbored unique maternal lineages in the past that have been recently lost, possibly due to loss of habitat during the Little Ice Age and/or whaling. Unexpectedly, samples from this location show a closer genetic relationship with modern Pacific stocks than Atlantic, supporting high gene flow between the central Canadian Arctic and Beaufort Sea over the past millennium despite extremely heavy ice cover over much of this period. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Balaena mysticetus Beaufort Sea Chukchi Davis Strait Foxe Basin Hudson Bay Prince Regent Inlet Sea ice Subarctic Spitsbergen City University of New York: CUNY Academic Works Arctic Baffin Bay Foxe Basin ENVELOPE(-77.918,-77.918,65.931,65.931) Hudson Hudson Bay Okhotsk Pacific Prince Regent Inlet ENVELOPE(-90.431,-90.431,72.993,72.993) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
City University of New York: CUNY Academic Works |
op_collection_id |
ftcityunivny |
language |
English |
topic |
Ancient DNA arctic cetacean marine mammal mitochondrial DNA whaling |
spellingShingle |
Ancient DNA arctic cetacean marine mammal mitochondrial DNA whaling Alter, S Elizabeth Rosenbaum, Howard C Postma, Lianne D Whitridge, Peter Gaines, Cork Weber, Diana Egan, Mary G Lindsay, Melissa Amato, George Dueck, Larry Brownell, Robert L Heide-Jørgensen, Mads-Peter Laidre, Kristin L Caccone, Gisella Hancock, Brittany L Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
topic_facet |
Ancient DNA arctic cetacean marine mammal mitochondrial DNA whaling |
description |
Sea ice is believed to be a major factor shaping gene flow for polar marine organisms, but it remains unclear to what extent it represents a true barrier to dispersal for arctic cetaceans. Bowhead whales are highly adapted to polar sea ice and were targeted by commercial whalers throughout Arctic and subarctic seas for at least four centuries, resulting in severe reductions in most areas. Both changing ice conditions and reductions due to whaling may have affected geographic distribution and genetic diversity throughout their range, but little is known about range-wide genetic structure or whether it differed in the past. This study represents the first examination of genetic diversity and differentiation across all five putative stocks, including Baffin Bay-Davis Strait, Hudson Bay-Foxe Basin, Bering-Beaufort-Chukchi, Okhotsk, and Spitsbergen. We also utilized ancient specimens from Prince Regent Inlet (PRI) in the Canadian Arctic and compared them with modern stocks. Results from analysis of molecular variance and demographic simulations are consistent with recent and high gene flow between Atlantic and Pacific stocks in the recent past. Significant genetic differences between ancient and modern populations suggest PRI harbored unique maternal lineages in the past that have been recently lost, possibly due to loss of habitat during the Little Ice Age and/or whaling. Unexpectedly, samples from this location show a closer genetic relationship with modern Pacific stocks than Atlantic, supporting high gene flow between the central Canadian Arctic and Beaufort Sea over the past millennium despite extremely heavy ice cover over much of this period. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Alter, S Elizabeth Rosenbaum, Howard C Postma, Lianne D Whitridge, Peter Gaines, Cork Weber, Diana Egan, Mary G Lindsay, Melissa Amato, George Dueck, Larry Brownell, Robert L Heide-Jørgensen, Mads-Peter Laidre, Kristin L Caccone, Gisella Hancock, Brittany L |
author_facet |
Alter, S Elizabeth Rosenbaum, Howard C Postma, Lianne D Whitridge, Peter Gaines, Cork Weber, Diana Egan, Mary G Lindsay, Melissa Amato, George Dueck, Larry Brownell, Robert L Heide-Jørgensen, Mads-Peter Laidre, Kristin L Caccone, Gisella Hancock, Brittany L |
author_sort |
Alter, S Elizabeth |
title |
Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
title_short |
Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
title_full |
Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
title_fullStr |
Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
title_sort |
gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) |
publisher |
CUNY Academic Works |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://academicworks.cuny.edu/yc_pubs/92 https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1117&context=yc_pubs |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-77.918,-77.918,65.931,65.931) ENVELOPE(-90.431,-90.431,72.993,72.993) |
geographic |
Arctic Baffin Bay Foxe Basin Hudson Hudson Bay Okhotsk Pacific Prince Regent Inlet |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Baffin Bay Foxe Basin Hudson Hudson Bay Okhotsk Pacific Prince Regent Inlet |
genre |
Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Balaena mysticetus Beaufort Sea Chukchi Davis Strait Foxe Basin Hudson Bay Prince Regent Inlet Sea ice Subarctic Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Balaena mysticetus Beaufort Sea Chukchi Davis Strait Foxe Basin Hudson Bay Prince Regent Inlet Sea ice Subarctic Spitsbergen |
op_source |
Publications and Research |
op_relation |
https://academicworks.cuny.edu/yc_pubs/92 https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1117&context=yc_pubs |
_version_ |
1766319497891807232 |