The peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle
During a dive, peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) can reach a velocity of up to 320 km h− 1. Our computational fluid dynamics simulations show that the forces that pull on the wings of a diving peregrine can reach up to three times the falcon’s body mass at a stoop velocity of 80 m s− 1 (288 km h−...
Published in: | Journal of Comparative Physiology A |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Springer
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20362/ https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20362/1/JCPA-D-18-00015.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-018-1276-y |
id |
ftcityunivlondon:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:20362 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftcityunivlondon:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:20362 2023-07-02T03:32:11+02:00 The peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle Schmitz, A. Ondreka, N. Poleschinski, J. Fischer, D. Schmitz, H. Klein, A. Bleckmann, H. Bruecker, C. 2018-06-29 text https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20362/ https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20362/1/JCPA-D-18-00015.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-018-1276-y en eng Springer https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20362/1/JCPA-D-18-00015.pdf Schmitz, A., Ondreka, N., Poleschinski, J. , Fischer, D., Schmitz, H., Klein, A., Bleckmann, H. Bruecker, C. https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/christoph=2Ebruecker.html orcid:0000-0001-5834-3020 orcid:0000-0001-5834-3020 view all authorsEPJS_limit_names_shown_load( 'creators_name_20362_et_al', 'creators_name_20362_rest' ); (2018). The peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle. Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 204(8), pp. 747-759. doi:10.1007/s00359-018-1276-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-018-1276-y doi:10.1007/s00359-018-1276-y SF Animal culture TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics Article PeerReviewed 2018 ftcityunivlondon https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-018-1276-y 2023-06-13T18:37:34Z During a dive, peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) can reach a velocity of up to 320 km h− 1. Our computational fluid dynamics simulations show that the forces that pull on the wings of a diving peregrine can reach up to three times the falcon’s body mass at a stoop velocity of 80 m s− 1 (288 km h− 1). Since the bones of the wings and the shoulder girdle of a diving peregrine falcon experience large mechanical forces, we investigated these bones. For comparison, we also investigated the corresponding bones in European kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), sparrow hawks (Accipiter nisus) and pigeons (Columba livia domestica). The normalized bone mass of the entire arm skeleton and the shoulder girdle (coracoid, scapula, furcula) was significantly higher in F. peregrinus than in the other three species investigated. The midshaft cross section of the humerus of F. peregrinus had the highest second moment of area. The mineral densities of the humerus, radius, ulna, and sternum were highest in F. peregrinus, indicating again a larger overall stability of these bones. Furthermore, the bones of the arm and shoulder girdle were strongest in peregrine falcons. Article in Journal/Newspaper Falco peregrinus peregrine falcon City University London: City Research Online Journal of Comparative Physiology A 204 8 747 759 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
City University London: City Research Online |
op_collection_id |
ftcityunivlondon |
language |
English |
topic |
SF Animal culture TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics |
spellingShingle |
SF Animal culture TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics Schmitz, A. Ondreka, N. Poleschinski, J. Fischer, D. Schmitz, H. Klein, A. Bleckmann, H. Bruecker, C. The peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle |
topic_facet |
SF Animal culture TA Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TL Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics |
description |
During a dive, peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) can reach a velocity of up to 320 km h− 1. Our computational fluid dynamics simulations show that the forces that pull on the wings of a diving peregrine can reach up to three times the falcon’s body mass at a stoop velocity of 80 m s− 1 (288 km h− 1). Since the bones of the wings and the shoulder girdle of a diving peregrine falcon experience large mechanical forces, we investigated these bones. For comparison, we also investigated the corresponding bones in European kestrels (Falco tinnunculus), sparrow hawks (Accipiter nisus) and pigeons (Columba livia domestica). The normalized bone mass of the entire arm skeleton and the shoulder girdle (coracoid, scapula, furcula) was significantly higher in F. peregrinus than in the other three species investigated. The midshaft cross section of the humerus of F. peregrinus had the highest second moment of area. The mineral densities of the humerus, radius, ulna, and sternum were highest in F. peregrinus, indicating again a larger overall stability of these bones. Furthermore, the bones of the arm and shoulder girdle were strongest in peregrine falcons. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Schmitz, A. Ondreka, N. Poleschinski, J. Fischer, D. Schmitz, H. Klein, A. Bleckmann, H. Bruecker, C. |
author_facet |
Schmitz, A. Ondreka, N. Poleschinski, J. Fischer, D. Schmitz, H. Klein, A. Bleckmann, H. Bruecker, C. |
author_sort |
Schmitz, A. |
title |
The peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle |
title_short |
The peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle |
title_full |
The peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle |
title_fullStr |
The peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle |
title_full_unstemmed |
The peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle |
title_sort |
peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle |
publisher |
Springer |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20362/ https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20362/1/JCPA-D-18-00015.pdf https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-018-1276-y |
genre |
Falco peregrinus peregrine falcon |
genre_facet |
Falco peregrinus peregrine falcon |
op_relation |
https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/20362/1/JCPA-D-18-00015.pdf Schmitz, A., Ondreka, N., Poleschinski, J. , Fischer, D., Schmitz, H., Klein, A., Bleckmann, H. Bruecker, C. https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/christoph=2Ebruecker.html orcid:0000-0001-5834-3020 orcid:0000-0001-5834-3020 view all authorsEPJS_limit_names_shown_load( 'creators_name_20362_et_al', 'creators_name_20362_rest' ); (2018). The peregrine falcon's rapid dive: on the adaptedness of the arm skeleton and shoulder girdle. Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, 204(8), pp. 747-759. doi:10.1007/s00359-018-1276-y https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-018-1276-y doi:10.1007/s00359-018-1276-y |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00359-018-1276-y |
container_title |
Journal of Comparative Physiology A |
container_volume |
204 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
747 |
op_container_end_page |
759 |
_version_ |
1770271694808678400 |