6Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
Maintenance of acid-base homeostasis is a vital function of theliving organism. Deviations of systemic acidity in eitherdirection can impose adverse consequences and when severe can threaten life itself. Acid-base disorders frequently are encountered in the outpatient and especially in the inpatient...
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.664.4550 2023-05-15T15:52:37+02:00 6Disorders of Acid-Base Balance Horacio J. Adrogué Nicolaos E. Madias The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.664.4550 http://www.kidneyatlas.org/book1/adk1_06.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.664.4550 http://www.kidneyatlas.org/book1/adk1_06.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://www.kidneyatlas.org/book1/adk1_06.pdf text ftciteseerx 2016-01-08T17:01:46Z Maintenance of acid-base homeostasis is a vital function of theliving organism. Deviations of systemic acidity in eitherdirection can impose adverse consequences and when severe can threaten life itself. Acid-base disorders frequently are encountered in the outpatient and especially in the inpatient setting. Effective man-agement of acid-base disturbances, commonly a challenging task, rests with accurate diagnosis, sound understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and impact on organ function, and familiarity with treatment and attendant complications [1]. Clinical acid-base disorders are conventionally defined from the vantage point of their impact on the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system. This approach is justified by the abundance of this buffer pair in body fluids; its physiologic preeminence; and the validity of the iso-hydric principle in the living organism, which specifies that all the other buffer systems are in equilibrium with the carbonic acid-bicar-bonate buffer pair. Thus, as indicated by the Henderson equation, [H+] = 24 PaCO2/[HCO 3] (the equilibrium relationship of the car-bonic acid-bicarbonate system), the hydrogen ion concentration of blood ([H+], expressed in nEq/L) at any moment is a function of the prevailing ratio of the arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2, expressed in mm Hg) and the plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO-3], expressed in mEq/L). As a corollary, changes in systemic acidity can occur only through changes in the values of its two deter-minants, PaCO2 and the plasma bicarbonate concentration. Those acid-base disorders initiated by a change in PaCO2 are referred to as respiratory disorders; those initiated by a change in plasma bicarbon-ate concentration are known as metabolic disorders. There are four cardinal acid-base disturbances: respiratory acidosis, respiratory alka-losis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis. Each can be encountered alone, as a simple disorder, or can be a part of a mixed-disorder, defined as the simultaneous presence of two or ... Text Carbonic acid Unknown Alka ENVELOPE(25.023,25.023,70.867,70.867) |
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ftciteseerx |
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English |
description |
Maintenance of acid-base homeostasis is a vital function of theliving organism. Deviations of systemic acidity in eitherdirection can impose adverse consequences and when severe can threaten life itself. Acid-base disorders frequently are encountered in the outpatient and especially in the inpatient setting. Effective man-agement of acid-base disturbances, commonly a challenging task, rests with accurate diagnosis, sound understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and impact on organ function, and familiarity with treatment and attendant complications [1]. Clinical acid-base disorders are conventionally defined from the vantage point of their impact on the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system. This approach is justified by the abundance of this buffer pair in body fluids; its physiologic preeminence; and the validity of the iso-hydric principle in the living organism, which specifies that all the other buffer systems are in equilibrium with the carbonic acid-bicar-bonate buffer pair. Thus, as indicated by the Henderson equation, [H+] = 24 PaCO2/[HCO 3] (the equilibrium relationship of the car-bonic acid-bicarbonate system), the hydrogen ion concentration of blood ([H+], expressed in nEq/L) at any moment is a function of the prevailing ratio of the arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2, expressed in mm Hg) and the plasma bicarbonate concentration ([HCO-3], expressed in mEq/L). As a corollary, changes in systemic acidity can occur only through changes in the values of its two deter-minants, PaCO2 and the plasma bicarbonate concentration. Those acid-base disorders initiated by a change in PaCO2 are referred to as respiratory disorders; those initiated by a change in plasma bicarbon-ate concentration are known as metabolic disorders. There are four cardinal acid-base disturbances: respiratory acidosis, respiratory alka-losis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis. Each can be encountered alone, as a simple disorder, or can be a part of a mixed-disorder, defined as the simultaneous presence of two or ... |
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The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Horacio J. Adrogué Nicolaos E. Madias |
spellingShingle |
Horacio J. Adrogué Nicolaos E. Madias 6Disorders of Acid-Base Balance |
author_facet |
Horacio J. Adrogué Nicolaos E. Madias |
author_sort |
Horacio J. Adrogué |
title |
6Disorders of Acid-Base Balance |
title_short |
6Disorders of Acid-Base Balance |
title_full |
6Disorders of Acid-Base Balance |
title_fullStr |
6Disorders of Acid-Base Balance |
title_full_unstemmed |
6Disorders of Acid-Base Balance |
title_sort |
6disorders of acid-base balance |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.664.4550 http://www.kidneyatlas.org/book1/adk1_06.pdf |
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ENVELOPE(25.023,25.023,70.867,70.867) |
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Alka |
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Alka |
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Carbonic acid |
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Carbonic acid |
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http://www.kidneyatlas.org/book1/adk1_06.pdf |
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http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.664.4550 http://www.kidneyatlas.org/book1/adk1_06.pdf |
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