• Main Authors: Barry D. Keima, Robert A. Mullerb, Gregory W. Stonec
• Other Authors: The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: 2004
• Subjects: North Atlantic; North Atlantic oscillation
• Online Access: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.663.8544; http://wavcis.csi.lsu.edu/pubs/spatial+and+temporal+variability.pdf

y of coastal storms in the North coastal systems.increase in frequency of very powerful storms, especially at higher latitudes. Both ENSO and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are shown to have associations with frequencies and tracking of these systems. These empirical results are in general agreement with GCM forecasts under global warming scenarios. Analyses of wave climatology in the NAB show that the last two to three decades have been rougher at high latitudes than several decades prior, but this more recent sea state is similar to conditions from about 100 years ago. The recent roughness at sea seems to be related to high NAO index values, which are also expected to increase with global warming. Thus, when coupled to an anticipated continued rise in global sea level, this trend will likely result in increasing loss of sediment from the beach-nearshore system resulting in widespread coastal erosion. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.There is strong suggestion that extratropical systems have declined overall over the past 50–100 years, but that there is anAtlantic Basin