The force balance of sea ice in a numerical model of the Arctic
Abstract. The balance of forces in the sea ice model of Hibler [ 1979] is examined. The model predicts that internal stress gradients are an important force in much of the Arctic Ocean except in summer, when they are significant only off the northern coasts of Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago....
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ftciteseerx:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.650.8917 2023-05-15T15:02:18+02:00 The force balance of sea ice in a numerical model of the Arctic Michael Steele Jinlun Zhang Drew Rothrock Harry Stem The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives 1997 application/pdf http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.650.8917 http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/steele_etal_97.pdf en eng http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.650.8917 http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/steele_etal_97.pdf Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/steele_etal_97.pdf text 1997 ftciteseerx 2016-01-08T16:23:32Z Abstract. The balance of forces in the sea ice model of Hibler [ 1979] is examined. The model predicts that internal stress gradients are an important force in much of the Arctic Ocean except in summer, when they are significant only off the northern coasts of Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago. A partition of the internal stress gradient between the pressure gradient and the viscous terms reveals that both are significant, although they operate on very different timescales. The acceleration term is generally negligible, while the sum of Coriolis plus sea surface tilt is small. Thus the seasonal average force balance in fall, winter, and spring is mostly between three terms of roughly equal magnitudes: air drag, water drag, and internal stress gradients. This is also true for the monthly average force balance. However, we find that there is a transition around the weekly timescale and that on a daily basis the force balance at a particular location and time is often between only two terms: either between air drag and water drag or between air drag and internal stress gradients. The model is in agreement with the observations of Thomdike and Colony [1982] in that the correlation between geostrophic wind forcing and the model's ice velocity field is high. This result is discussed in the context of the force balance; we show that the presence of significant internal stress gradients does not preclude high wind-ice correlation. A breakdown of the internal stress gradient into component parts reveals that the shear viscous force is far from negligible, which casts strong doubt on the theoretical validity of the cavitating fluid approximation (in which this component is neglected). Finally, the role of ice pressure is examined by varying the parameter P*. We find a strong sensitivity in terms of the force balance, as well as ice thickness and velocity. 1. Text Arctic Arctic Ocean Canadian Archipelago Greenland Sea ice Unknown Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland |
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English |
description |
Abstract. The balance of forces in the sea ice model of Hibler [ 1979] is examined. The model predicts that internal stress gradients are an important force in much of the Arctic Ocean except in summer, when they are significant only off the northern coasts of Greenland and the Canadian Archipelago. A partition of the internal stress gradient between the pressure gradient and the viscous terms reveals that both are significant, although they operate on very different timescales. The acceleration term is generally negligible, while the sum of Coriolis plus sea surface tilt is small. Thus the seasonal average force balance in fall, winter, and spring is mostly between three terms of roughly equal magnitudes: air drag, water drag, and internal stress gradients. This is also true for the monthly average force balance. However, we find that there is a transition around the weekly timescale and that on a daily basis the force balance at a particular location and time is often between only two terms: either between air drag and water drag or between air drag and internal stress gradients. The model is in agreement with the observations of Thomdike and Colony [1982] in that the correlation between geostrophic wind forcing and the model's ice velocity field is high. This result is discussed in the context of the force balance; we show that the presence of significant internal stress gradients does not preclude high wind-ice correlation. A breakdown of the internal stress gradient into component parts reveals that the shear viscous force is far from negligible, which casts strong doubt on the theoretical validity of the cavitating fluid approximation (in which this component is neglected). Finally, the role of ice pressure is examined by varying the parameter P*. We find a strong sensitivity in terms of the force balance, as well as ice thickness and velocity. 1. |
author2 |
The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
format |
Text |
author |
Michael Steele Jinlun Zhang Drew Rothrock Harry Stem |
spellingShingle |
Michael Steele Jinlun Zhang Drew Rothrock Harry Stem The force balance of sea ice in a numerical model of the Arctic |
author_facet |
Michael Steele Jinlun Zhang Drew Rothrock Harry Stem |
author_sort |
Michael Steele |
title |
The force balance of sea ice in a numerical model of the Arctic |
title_short |
The force balance of sea ice in a numerical model of the Arctic |
title_full |
The force balance of sea ice in a numerical model of the Arctic |
title_fullStr |
The force balance of sea ice in a numerical model of the Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
The force balance of sea ice in a numerical model of the Arctic |
title_sort |
force balance of sea ice in a numerical model of the arctic |
publishDate |
1997 |
url |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.650.8917 http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/steele_etal_97.pdf |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Greenland |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Canadian Archipelago Greenland Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Canadian Archipelago Greenland Sea ice |
op_source |
http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/steele_etal_97.pdf |
op_relation |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.650.8917 http://psc.apl.washington.edu/zhang/Pubs/steele_etal_97.pdf |
op_rights |
Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
_version_ |
1766334267709718528 |